Results of numerous studies in the national psychology demonstrate the decisive role of personality traits of the participants of collaborative thinking activity. Such studies had established the fact of the determining influence of personality traits of the participants on the collaborative thinking activity. In our study, we examined the personality traits of preschoolers as participants of collaborative thinking activity. The study allowed us to compose personality profiles of preschoolers on the basis of psychological typology of C. Jung, and also to study the personality traits of preschoolers, which can cause difficulties in communication (aggression, conflict, negativism, asociality, isolation).

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The problem of aggressive behavior in adolescents is not new to psychological science. However, in a transitional society, it requires constant monitoring. At the same time, the rural school is of interest due to the relative isolation and limited number of subjects of interaction. The purpose of this study was to study the specifics of aggressive reactions and types of attitudes towards people in rural school adolescents of different sexes. The study involved students from rural schools, in the amount of 100 people aged 14-16 years (M = 15.3; SD = 1.2; 47% men). The following methods were used: Bass-Darki questionnaire (adaptation by A.A. Khvan, Yu.A. Zaitsev, Yu.A. Kuznetsova.), Fundamental interpersonal Relations Orientation - Behavior (FIRO-B) (W. Schutz, adaptation by A.A. Rukavishnikov), as well as statistical methods (descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U test). It was found that in the group of boys, physical aggression and resentment are more pronounced; girls are characterized by higher verbal aggression and feelings of guilt. Boys are also characterized by a high need for affection, and girls demonstrate a pronounced need for control over others. Prospects for the study consist in the subsequent analysis of the factors that determine the emergence of various aggressive and hostile reactions in adolescents, a comparison of rural and urban adolescents, as well as the characteristics of interpersonal relations in their relationship with the individual typological and gender characteristics of adolescents. The research results can be useful in organizing psychological support for adolescents in rural schools.

The article discusses the features of perceptual attitudes in the process of cognition of employees of the organization. Evaluation is understood as a manifestation of the evaluative component of thinking about another, and the perceptual attitude as a person's predisposition to perceive, act and evaluate the subject of interpersonal interaction in a certain way. The features of understanding evaluations in modern psychology are revealed, and the role of the evaluation component in thinking about another person is shown. The article presents socio-demographic professional factors that influence the formation of both employee and employee evaluations by the Manager. The main results of the study are described, indicating that the nature of self-esteem (overestimated or underestimated self-esteem) and the perceptual attitudes of the Manager determine the General trend of employee reflection. The identified trends and features of interpersonal cognition, the preservation of which is provided by setting mechanisms, reflect the attitude to individual qualities that managers have formed in the process of joint activities in terms of their significance for the implementation of the goals of the activity. However, changes in the goals of activities also lead to changes in the direction and nature of assessments from the outside.