One of the topical areas of study of modern Russian sociolinguistics is the theory of language activism, which, as a rule, correlates with the activities oriented towards languages that are not supported de jure or are not efficiently supported de facto to maintain their functioning in various areas of communication. The article discusses approaches to the definition of the concept of language activism, analyzes the prerequisites for the emergence of the language activism in the Russian Federation and the forms of its existence. In this analysis, the author relies on the field sociolinguistic research conducted within the period of 2021–2022 on the territory of the Republic of Tyva and Sakha (Yakutia).

In the digital age, the possibilities of communication have expanded significantly, which in turn has contributed to a change in approaches to social research, including research on political activity. Information technologies have contributed to the formation of a modern information space characterized by a high intensity of data exchange. Thus, sociolinguistics, as an interdisciplinary science, one of the objects of study of which is language policy, has faced new challenges in the form of big data, which at the same time open up new opportunities for the development of this field of study, which allows us to talk about the phenomenon of “language policy 2.0” at the present time.

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The article analyses theoretical and practical significance of language prognosis as an instrument of language policy and planning develops concepts in the language scenario field in the sphere of education. The object of the research is the languages of the Russian Federation in the sphere of education. In general, the research question of the article addresses the future of multilingualism in the Russian Federation, with a focus on the sphere of education. The objective of the article is to systematically explore the foundations for prognostic models and methods in the selected fields of language policy. We aim to develop an interdisciplinary approach to sociolinguistic prognosis on the basis of the future scenario method and, thus, to work out prognostic models and methods in language policy considering their effectiveness in regard to the language policy and planning. Furthermore, we seek to demonstrate their applicability on the basis of the language situation of the Russian Federation. In doing so, we elaborate strategies and derive from the prognostic models recommendations for the language policy in the Russian Federation, a country with an unprecedented language diversity on the Eurasian continent. Compared to the post-Soviet period, current language processes and language development in the changing Russia have been investigated, but the subjects are limited. The need for research in this area is explained by many country-specific reasons. First, it is the acceleration of minority languages' disappearance rate: at the beginning of the 20th century the position of minority languages in Russia was considered more satisfactory than in many countries of the world (Australia, the USA, etc.), while now they are all in varying stages of language shift. Second, the functional distribution between Russian and the national / minority languages is changing nowadays. Third, the recent amendments to the Federal Law "On the Education in the Russian Federation" adopted in 2018 have significantly changed the educational landscape of Russia. Fourth, there are hot societal debates about the current language policy and its measures. The theme is of high societal relevance: the development of prognostic methods and models in the language policy of the Russian Federation, taking into account the latest research in this area and the practical experience of other countries, is important for public policy planning and effective regulation of the interethnic relations in the Russian Federation.

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