Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Ngada pada bulan April sampai Juli 2018. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) Mengetahui dan menganalisis faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi tingkat perkembangan populasi ternak babi, 2) Mengetahui dan menganalisis berapa besar pendapatan tunai usaha ternak babi, dan 3) Merumuskan strategi program PERAK untuk pengembangan populasi ternak babi dalam meningkatkan pendapatan anggota. Teknik pengambilan contoh dilakukan melalui tiga tahap yaitu penentuan kecamatan contoh secara purposif, penentuan desa contoh secara purposif dan penentuan responden contoh secara acak proporsional dimana setiap desa diambil 25% dari kepala keluarga miskin sasaran dan diperoleh 100 responden. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi linier, analisis pendapatan, dan analisis SWOT. Pengambilan sampel yang dilakukan kepada responden SWOT yaitu teknik purposif sampling sehingga diambil 20 orang sebagai responden. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan uji regresi menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan populasi yaitu jumlah induk (X 1 ), tingkat kelahiran (X 2 ), dan koefisien determinasi (R 2 =0,75). Rata-rata pendapatan tunai usaha ternak babi program PERAK sebesar Rp7.893.613. Analisis SWOT menunjukkan bahwa usaha ternak babi program PERAK di Kabupaten Ngada berada pada strategi agresif dan posisi ini merupakan situasi yang sangat menguntungkan. Strategi yang harus diterapkan dalam kondisi ini adalah mendukung kebijakan pertumbuhan yang agresif (growthoriented strategy). Program strategis yang perlu diterapkan adalah:1) Strategi peningkatan populasi ternak babi program PERAK, 2) Strategi peningkatan sumberdaya manusia (SDM), 3) Strategi optimalisasi penggunaan sumberdaya alam, dan 4) Strategi pengembangan dan penerapan teknologi.
Salah satu persoalan yang terjadi di daerah sentra produksi adalah pemotongan betina produktif. Fenomena tersebut diduga terjadi pula di Timor Barat sebagai salah satu daerah kantong produksi sapi bali. Sapi bali adalah salah satu plasma nuftah yang memiliki persoalan sistemik karena melibatkan banyak pelaku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya pengendalian pemotongan betina produktif dalam manajemen dan kelembagaan aktual. Pendekatan pemahaman sistem agribisnis sapi bali di Timor Barat dilakukan dengan prespektif dinamika sistem. Informan kunci ditentukan melalui pemetaan pelaku dalam rantai pasok sapi bali. Penentuan informan kunci menggunakan metode snow ball sampling. Banyaknya informan kunci tergantung pada kejenuhan informasi yang diperoleh. Data, informasi, dan pengetahuan primer dikumpulkan berdasarkan observasi, focuss group diskusi (FGD), dan wawancara mendalam (indepth study) dengan informan kunci. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan terdiri atas: data numerik, data tertulis, dan model mental. Pemodelan dengan dinamika sistem akan menggunakan perangkat lunak Ventana Simulation (Vensim). Hasil analisis dan pembahasan menunjukkan manajemen dan kelembagaan aktual yang melibatkan berbagai pelaku dalam sistem ketersediaan daging sapi untuk pasar lokal belum memiliki peran untuk pengendalian pemotongan betina produktif. Kebijakan yang diperlukan untuk mengendalikan pemotongan sapi bali betina produktif, adalah meningkatkan calf crop dan menekan mortalitas.Kata kunci: betina produktif, pemotongan, sapi bali, sistem, Timor Barat. ABSTRACTOne of the problems that occur in the center of production is slaughtering productive cows. This phenomenon is thought to occur in West Timor as one of the production center of bali cattle production. Bali cattle are one of the plasma nuftah which has systemic problems due to involve many actors. This study aims to determine the efforts to control the slaughtering of productive cows in actual management and institutions. An understanding approach to the bali cattle agribusiness system is carried out with a perspective dynamics system. Key informants were determined through mapping of actors in the supply chain of bali cattle. Determination of key informants is applying the snow ball sampling methods. Data are collected based on observation, FGD, and in-depth interviews. Data collected consists of: numeric and written data, and also mental models. Modeling with dynamics system will use Vensim software. The results show that actual management and institutions do not yet have a role to control the slaughtering of productive cows. The policy needed to control the slaughter of productive bali cows is to increase calf crop and reduce mortality.Keywords: productive, slaughtering, bali cows, system, West Timor
This research aims to: 1) identify the role of the Cattle Breeding Economic Empowerment Program in enhancing production output of beef cattle; 2) identify the role of Cattle Breeding Economic Empowerment Program in enhancing the income of the cattle breeders; 3) identify and analyze factors that influence the development of the cattle breeding program; 4) identify and analyze factors that influence the economy of the cattle breeders; and 5) formulate a development strategy for the Cattle Breeding Economic Empowerment Program. This research was conducted in 3 sub-districts, 6 villages, and 8 business groups of the Cattle Breeding Economic Empowerment Program in Ngada District. The research locations were selected from a purposive sampling technique upon active business groups. Total research informants accounts for 52 people out of a population of 2.466 from the Cattle Breeding Economic Empowerment Program of year 2011. Method of analyze undertook quantitative (correlatio-regression) and qualitative descriptive styles, continued with a SWOT analyze. Research results point that: 1) the Cattle Breeding Economic Empowerment Program provides positive contribution towards the development of cattle breeding in Ngada District, which resulted in a rise of 10% of the whole cattle production output; 2) the Cattle Breeding Economic Empowerment Program provides positive contribution towards the income of cattle breeders in Ngada District, with an 18% rise of income; 3) calving interval (X 5) partially influence the development of cattle breeding in terms of cattle production output (95% confidence level); 4) cattle sold (X 5) partially and positively influences the increase of income of the cattle breeders (99% confidence level); 5) proposed strategy for the development of the Cattle Breeding Economic Empowerment Program in Ngada encompasses enhancement in cattle breeding output, development of human resources, optimization of natural resources, implementation of technology, development of marketing efforts, and sustainability of the cattle breeding business it self.
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