Resumo Este ensaio trata da relação verdade-saber científico, utilizando o aporte teórico desenvolvido por Michel Foucault. Destrincha uma analítica da verdade, percorrendo a senda trilhada pela razão ocidental em busca da verdade. O artigo demonstra, sob a perspectiva foucaultiana, como o saber ocidental se constitui como verdade e, portanto, como conhecimento científico. Conclui, incursionando sobre as possibilidades de o homem ansiar pela verdade.1
Resumo:A luta pela laicização da escola pública no Brasil remonta aos movimentos republicanos do século XIX. As cartas magnas e as leis educacionais brasileiras expressam em seus textos o conflito religiosidade versus laicidade no ensino público. A ação político-cultural das instituições religiosas manifesta-se, predominantemente, em conjunturas democráticas, nos processos políticos de elaboração das constituições federais e das leis de diretrizes e bases da educação nacional. Os dados coletados demonstram o crescimento das organizações educacionais cristãs, sua especialização e movimentação na sociedade civil. O trabalho demonstra que os grupos confessionais têm perdido espaço curricular na educação básica pública brasileira, desde os anos 30 do século XX. Palavras-chave: Abstract:The struggle for secularization of public schools in Brazil dates back to the nineteenth century Republican movements. The Brazilian Constitutions and educational legislation express the conflict between secularism and religion in public education. The political-cultural actions of religious institutions were manifested mainly in democratic situations and in the political processes of preparing federal constitutions and guideline legislation for national education. The data collected demonstrates the growth of Christian educational organizations, their specialization and action within civil society. This study shows that faith groups have lost curricular space in basic education in Brazil since the 1930s.
RESUMO. Pesquisa realizada entre 2010 e 2012 constatou a existência de expressões religiosas em 60,87% das escolas públicas de ensino médio do Distrito Federal, abrangendo expressões religiosas materializadas na forma de gravuras, estátuas, grafites, rabiscos e cartazes. Expressões religiosas de autoria dos atores institucionais: professores, alunos, funcionários técnico-administrativos e gestores escolares. O método utilizado na pesquisa foi o indutivo com abordagem qualitativa. Adotaram-se três procedimentos: fotografar as representações; entrevistar gestores; realizar grupo de discussão com alunos. O artigo demonstra que o fenômeno insere-se no conflito estrutural do setor educacional brasileiro: ensino religioso versus laicidade e discute teoricamente se o fenômeno consiste em representações sociais ou ideologia.Palavras-chave: representações sociais, ideologia, religião, ensino médio, escola pública.Religious expressions in public schools: Are they social representations or ideology?ABSTRACT. A research conducted between 2010 and 2012 revealed religious expressions, such as prints, statues, graffiti, scribbling and posters, in 60.87% of the government-run high schools of the Federal District of Brazil. These religious expressions were authored by institutional agents including teachers, students, administrative personnel and school managers. The qualitative induction approach was the method used in current research, with three procedures: photos of the religious representations, interviews with managers, group discussions with students. Results show that the phenomenon is part of the structural conflict within Brazilian educational milieu, or rather, secularism versus religious education. The paper also investigates whether the phenomenon deals with ideology or social representations.Keywords: social representation, ideology, religion, high school, public school. Expresiones religiosas en las escuelas públicas: ¿representaciones sociales o ideología?RESUMEN. Esta investigación, llevada a cabo entre 2010 y 2012, constató la existencia de expresiones religiosas en 60,87% de las escuelas secundarias públicas del Distrito Federal -Brasil, abarcando expresiones religiosas materializadas en la forma de grabados, estatuas, pintadas, garabatos y carteles, y expresiones religiosas de autoría de los actores institucionales: profesores, alumnos, personal técnico y gestores escolares. El método utilizado en la investigación fue el inductivo con enfoque cualitativo. Se adoptaron tres procedimientos: fotografiar las representaciones; entrevistar a los gestores; realizar grupo de discusión con los estudiantes. El artículo demuestra que el fenómeno hace parte del conflicto estructural del sector educacional brasileño: enseñanza religiosa contra laicidad y teóricamente analiza si el fenómeno consiste en representaciones sociales o ideología.
Abstract:This study aims to identify characteristics of national culture in the culture of Brazilian school management and leadership. Considering the broad literature that deals with the peculiarities of Brazilian culture and its influence on Brazilian management, it is assumed that as an institution belonging to a particular society, the school offers internal dynamics that are organized under influences of historical and cultural determinants of this society. This work is an exploratory study that uses secondary data found in studies on the profiles of principals, leadership, climate, and organizational culture in schools and primary data from research applied in public secondary schools located in the Federal District, Brazil. The results demonstrate that the initial premise-national culture influences the organizational culture and school leadership-has been confirmed and aspects that merit further analysis are identified.Keywords: national culture; school organizational culture; leadership Brief IntroductionThe studies about the influence of national culture on the culture of organizations have achieved greater prominence in Brazil since 1980s, in particular, after the publication of the results of Hofstede's 1970s research, in which the researcher analyzed the dimension of culture associated with the management of companies in several countries, including Brazil. However, only limited studies relating to this dimension of culture exist in studies on management of educational organizations and schools. This article seeks to address this gap and answer the question: In what way could characteristics of Brazilian culture influence the organizational culture and leadership of schools? It is assumed that the school, as an organization belonging to a particular society, has its culture influenced by historical and social factors, as well as the cultural rights of this society. The literature review employed studies that show how the management of companies in Brazil is influenced by traits of the national culture, such as "the Brazilian way", relations of power and hierarchy, authoritarianism, personalism, plasticity, cordiality, and results orientation [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Many of these studies draw on theories and local studies from recognized Brazilian anthropologists, economists, and sociologists such as Gilberto Freire, Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, Caio Prado Junior, and Roberto Da Matta. The present exploratory study will be developed in two steps: the first step will explore the existing literature on relationships between traits of national culture and culture of Brazilian organizations, seeking concepts associated with the organizational culture and leadership of schools. The second step will analyze data on profiles of principals, structure, and procedures for the management of Brazilian public primary schools. The secondary data will be from the Census Data of Basic Education in Brazil, the Evaluation of Primary Education (Ministry of Education, Brasília, Brazil), and the Teaching
Este texto não é acadêmico. Tampouco tem a pretensão de ser literário. É exatamente como se apresenta, nem mais, nem menos: esta coisa hí-brida, sem forma, diria até sem identidade: pretendendo conter em si um pouco de cada, acaba por não ser nenhum dos dois. Mas há uma certeza: é um texto transgressor. Transgressor do rigor científico, transgressor da pureza literária. Não posso, entretanto, negar sua existência. Foi assim que emergiu à luz, e é assim que se faz conhecer ao mundo. RESUMO:Este artigo trata da relação professor-aluno em um contexto democrático. É fruto de uma experiência docente e ressalta a dimensão humano-afetiva no processo educacional sem, contudo, esquecer-se dos aspectos científicos. Pelo contrário, enfatiza a importância do conhecimento científico como fundador/consolidador de vínculos societais. Objetiva demonstrar a relação existente entre conflito-prazer-paixão-responsabilidade inerente ao fazer educativo.Palavras-chave: docência; conhecimento científico; relação conflito-prazer-paixão-responsabilidade; consciência político-social; democracia.Era estudante ainda, menina de tudo, deslumbrada com a Universidade e com a vida, feliz por ter cortado o cordão umbilical com a casa paterna/materna, inebriada com o ar da liberdade dos vinte anos, quando ia ouvir Cristóvam Buarque nos anfiteatros da UnB. Sua fala fácil,
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