In this paper, the phenomena of hysteretic behaviour of friction force observed during experiments are discussed. On the basis of experimental and theoretical analyses, we argue that such behaviour can be considered as a representation of the system dynamics. According to this approach, a classification of friction models, with respect to their sensitivity on the system motion characteristic, is introduced. General friction modelling of the phenomena accompanying dry friction and a simple yet effective approach to capture the hysteretic effect are proposed. Finally, the experimental results are compared with the numerical simulations for the proposed friction model.

We propose an archetypal system to investigate transitions from smooth to discontinuous dynamics. In the smooth regime, the system bears significant similarities to the Duffing oscillator, exhibiting the standard dynamics governed by the hyperbolic structure associated with the stationary state of the double well. At the discontinuous limit, however, there is a substantial departure in the dynamics from the standard one. In particular, the velocity flow suffers a jump in crossing from one well to another, caused by the loss of local hyperbolicity due to the collapse of the stable and unstable manifolds of the stationary state. In the presence of damping and external excitation, the system has coexisting attractors and also a chaotic saddle which becomes a chaotic attractor when a smoothness parameter drops to zero. This attractor can bifurcate to a high-period periodic attractor or a chaotic sea with islands of quasiperiodic attractors depending on the strength of damping.

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In a recent paper we examined a model of an arch bridge with viscous damping subjected to a sinusoidally varying central load. We showed how this yields a useful archetypal oscillator which can be used to study the transition from smooth to discontinuous dynamics as a parameter, alpha, tends to zero. Decreasing this smoothness parameter (a non-dimensional measure of the span of the arch) changes the smooth load-deflection curve associated with snap-buckling into a discontinuous sawtooth. The smooth snap-buckling curve is not amenable to closed-form theoretical analysis, so we here introduce a piecewise linearization that correctly fits the sawtooth in the limit at alpha=0. Using a Hamiltonian formulation of this linearization, we derive an analytical expression for the unperturbed homoclinic orbit, and make a Melnikov analysis to detect the homoclinic tangling under the perturbation of damping and driving. Finally, a semi-analytical method is used to examine the full nonlinear dynamics of the perturbed piecewise linear system. A chaotic attractor located at alpha=0.2 compares extremely well with that exhibited by the original arch model: the topological structures are the same, and Lyapunov exponents (and dimensions) are in good agreement.

In this paper, the authors have studied dynamic responses of a parametric pendulum by means of analytical methods. The fundamental resonance structure was determined by looking at the undamped case. The two typical responses, oscillations and rotations, were investigated by applying perturbation methods. The primary resonance boundaries for oscillations and pure rotations were computed, and the approximate analytical solutions for small oscillations and period-one rotations were obtained. The solution for the rotations has been derived for the first time. Comparisons between the analytical and numerical results show good agreements.