We can also observe a negative correlation between functional capacity and the Fagerström questionnaire score (p=0.004;r=-0.3). We concluded that the smoke load and the nicotine dependence levels were related to worse quality of life indices of the smoking population.Keywords | Tobacco Use Disorder; Quality of Life; Dependency Substance-related Disorders.RESUMO | O tabagismo é considerado uma doença crônica e uma das principais causas de mortes evitáveis no mundo.A qualidade de vida é uma importante medida de impacto na saúde e em sua relação com os níveis de dependência de nicotina e de carga tabagística, os quais ainda não estão totalmente esclarecidos. Avaliou-se a qualidade de vida de tabagistas e sua correlação com a carga tabagística Posteriormente, fue realizada la evaluación de la cualidad Quality of life of smokers and its correlation with smoke load
Introduction Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is the first line of defense of the pulmonary system. Mucociliary clearance impairment may lead to increased risk of respiratory infections, lung injury, pulmonary repair problems, chronic dysfunctions and progression of respiratory diseases. Objective To characterize the MCC of active and passive smokers and individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and compare the MCC behaviors between men and women of different age groups. Methods Patients with COPD (current smokers and ex-smokers) and apparently healthy individuals (current smokers, passive smokers and nonsmokers) were evaluated. All of the subjects underwent lung function and MCC evaluation (saccharin transport test [STT]). Smokers (with or without COPD) were questioned about the smoking history. Results A total of 418 individuals aged 16 to 82 years old, of both genders, were evaluated. The STT values of active and passive smokers were statistically higher than those of the control group (p < 0.01). Men of the control group had lower values of STT than active smokers (9.7 ± 7.1 and 15.4 ± 10.1 minute, respectively, p < 0.01). In addition, higher MCC velocity was observed in women that are current smokers (11.7 ± 6.8 minute) compared with men (15.4 ± 10.1 minute) in this group (p = 0.01). Among the younger age groups (< 50 years old), only passive smokers presented higher STT in relation to the control group. Conclusion Passive and active smoking are factors that influence negatively the MCC, and passive smokers may present losses of this mechanism at a younger age. Additionally, male smokers present worse MCC than male nonsmokers.
Resumo Introdução O tabagismo é uma das principais causas de morte, e embora existam várias estratégias para parar de fumar, a ansiedade e a depressão podem prejudicar este processo. Objetivo Avaliar os níveis de ansiedade e depressão em tabagistas, ajustando os valores para possíveis variáveis de confusão, como sexo, idade, escolaridade e nível socioeconômico. Método Estudo transversal, amostra de 444 indivíduos avaliados em relação ao histórico de tabagismo, níveis de ansiedade e depressão pela Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão e caracterizados conforme o perfil socioeconômico. Resultados Encontrou-se uma associação entre tabagismo e ansiedade (p = 0,003) e entre tabagismo e depressão (p <0,001) mesmo após ajustes para fatores de confusão (tabagismo e ansiedade: OR sexo: 2,01; OR idade: 2,56; OR escolaridade: 2,25; OR nível socioeconômico: 2,26; tabagismo e depressão: OR sexo: 4,80; OR idade: 3,13; OR escolaridade: 1,82; OR nível socioeconômico: 1,81). Conclusão O estudo mostrou que tabagistas apresentam altos níveis de ansiedade e depressão.
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