OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the morphological differences in the base of the skull of individuals with cleft lip and palate and Class III malocclusion in comparison to control groups with Class I and Class III malocclusion. METHODS: A total of 89 individuals (males and females) aged between 5 and 27 years old (Class I, n = 32; Class III, n = 29; and Class III individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate, n = 28) attending PUC-MG Dental Center and Cleft Lip/Palate Care Center of Baleia Hospital and PUC-MG (CENTRARE) were selected. Linear and angular measurements of the base of the skull, maxilla and mandible were performed and assessed by a single calibrated examiner by means of cephalometric radiographs. Statistical analysis involved ANCOVA and Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: No significant differences with regard to the base of the skull were found between the control group (Class I) and individuals with cleft lip and palate (P > 0.017). The cleft lip/palate group differed from the Class III group only with regard to CI.Sp.Ba (P = 0.015). Individuals with cleft lip and palate had a significantly shorter maxillary length (Co-A) in comparison to the control group (P < 0.001). No significant differences were found in the mandible (Co-Gn) of the control group and individuals with cleft lip and palate (P = 1.000). CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest that there are no significant differences in the base of the skull of individuals Class I or Class III and individuals with cleft lip and palate and Class III malocclusion.

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To report epidemiological data on the prevalence of malocclusion in a group of children admitted to a referral mouth-breathing otorhinolaryngological hospital center, and to evaluate the association between upper airway obstruction and different dental malocclusions. Methods: One thousand and two oral breathing children, with a mean age of 6.7 ± 2.7, were evaluated by a multidisciplinary team. The inter-arch relation was recorded in the sagittal, vertical and transversal planes and the chi-square test was performed to evaluate associations between malocclusion and mouth breathing (airway obstruction due to enlarged tonsils or adenoids and/or allergic rhinitis). Results: Tonsillar hypertrophy causing significant airway obstruction was detected in 41.3% of this sample, adenoid hypertrophy in 54.1%, and allergic rhinitis in 68.1%. Open bite and class II malocclusions were detected in approximately 30% of the children, and posterior crossbite in 25%. More than half of the mouth-breathing children had a normal inter-arch relationship in the sagittal (59.3%), vertical (53.0%) and transversal planes (75.1%). The chi-square analysis detected a non-significant association between oral breathing and malocclusion. Conclusions: Most of the evaluated oral breathing children presented a normal dental relationship in the vertical, transverse and sagittal planes. The association between Angle class II, open bite and crossbite and type of nasal obstruction was not significant. (Rev Port Esto

Background Upper airway obstruction may cause pulmonary hypertension in childhood In this study we aimed to identify a possible correlation of systolic pulmonary arterial pressure SPAP using Doppler echocardiography with nasal patency NP as measured by rhinomanometry in mouth-breathing MB children with allergic rhinitis AR and adenotonsillar hypertrophy ATH Methods In this cross-sectional study we evaluated patients from to years of age at an MB referral clinic in Brazil from December to We allocated patients to etiology groups group MBs with ATH group MBs with AR group MBs with both ATH and AR and group nasal breathing control subjects The ratio of total nasal inspiratory flow assessed by active anterior rhinomanometry and expected inspiratory flow adjusted for height determined the percent NP NP

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