Plant nutrition can positively influence quality of seeds by improving plant tolerance to adverse climate. In this context, silicon is currently considered a micronutrient and it is beneficial to plant growth, especially Poaceaes such as white oat and wheat, thereby improving physiological quality of seeds. This study had the objective of evaluating the effects of silicon leaf application on plant tillering, silicon levels and physiological quality of white oat and wheat seeds besides establishing correlations between them. Two experiments were carried out in winter with white oat and wheat. The experimental design was the completely randomized block with eight replications. Treatments consisted of foliar application of silicon (0.8% of soluble silicon, as stabilized orthosilicic acid) and a control (with no application). Silicon levels in leaves were determined at flowering whereas the number of plants and panicles/spikes per area was counted right before harvest. Seed quality was evaluated right after harvest through mass, germination and vigor tests. Data was submitted to variance analysis and means were compared by the Tukey test at a probability level of 5%. Person's linear correlation test was performed among silicon level in plants, tillering and seed quality data. Silicon leaf application increases root and total length of white oat seedlings as an effect of higher Si level in leaves. Silicon leaf application increases mass of wheat seeds without affecting germination or vigor. Key words: Avena sativa L., Triticum aestivum L., germination, vigor, plant nutrition, orthosilicic acid ResumoA nutrição das plantas pode influenciar positivamente a qualidade das sementes por proporcionar maior tolerância às adversidades climáticas. Neste contexto, o silício é atualmente considerado um micronutriente e tem efeito benéfico no crescimento das plantas, especialmente Poaceaes como aveia-branca e trigo, consequentemente melhorando a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da aplicação foliar de silício no perfilhamento e teor do nutriente nas plantas e na qualidade fisiológica das sementes de aveia-branca e trigo além de estabelecer correlações entre os fatores. Foram realizados dois experimentos conduzidos no inverno com as culturas da aveia-branca e do trigo. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com oito repetições. Os tratamentos constaram da aplicação foliar de silício (0,8% de silício solúvel, aplicado na forma de ácido ortosilícico estabilizado) e uma testemunha (sem aplicação). O teor de silício nas folhas foi determinado no florescimento; já a avaliação do perfilhamento, o número de plantas e de panículas/espigas por área foi determinado anteriormente à colheita. A qualidade das sementes foi avaliada logo após a colheita por meio de testes de massa, germinação e vigor. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. O teste de correlação linear de Person foi aplicado a fim de relac...

Seeds from non-genetically modified soybean cultivars harvested after chemical desiccation of plants with glyphosate may produce abnormal seedlings; these may show phytotoxicity symptoms that could persist even after some time of storage due to accumulation of toxic residues. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of stored soybean seeds harvested after chemical desiccation of plants with glyphosate at R7 stage. Seeds from soybean cultivar 'Conquista' were produced with and without desiccation with glyphosate, at the dose 2.0 L ha -1 , applied at physiological maturity stage. Seed quality was evaluated right after harvest and after eight months of storage by tests of moisture content, mass, germination and vigor. The experimental design was the completely randomized block with four replications. Data was submitted to variance analysis and means were compared by the Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05) as a 2 x 2 factorial. The results show deleterious effects of glyphosate used as desiccant for early harvest of soybean seeds from conventional cultivars. Accelerating plant senescence leads to production of seeds with lower germination and decreased seedling development, although the percentage of abnormal seedlings is reduced after 8 months of storage possibly due to degradation of toxic residues of glyphosate and/or derivates. Key words: Glycine max, phytotoxicity, physiological maturity, germination, seedling development ResumoSementes de cultivares convencionais de soja colhidas após dessecação química das plantas com glifosato podem produzir plântulas anormais, com sintomas de fitotoxicidade que podem persistir mesmo após o armazenamento devido ao acúmulo de resíduos tóxicos. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade de sementes armazenadas de soja colhidas após dessecação química das plantas com glifosato no estádio R7. Sementes de soja da cultivar Conquista foram produzidas com e sem dessecação das plantas com glifosato, na dose de 2,0 L ha -1 , no estádio de maturidade fisiológica. A qualidade das sementes foi avaliada logo após a colheita e aos oito meses de armazenamento quanto ao teor de água, massa, germinação e vigor. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p≤0,05), em esquema fatorial 2 x 2. Os resultados mostram efeitos deletérios da aplicação de glifosato utilizado como dessecante para antecipação da colheita de sementes de soja de cultivares 1 Prof a Dr

Currently, the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) productivity has been reduced by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli (Fop), the causative agent of Fusarium wilt. Considering the integrated management of diseases, the objectives of the present work were to verify the compatibility between chemical and biological fungicides for Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f. sp. phaseoli Kendrick & Snyder (Fop) control in common bean seeds. In laboratory, the effects of the treatments were evaluated by sanity, germination, seedling total length and seedling dry matter tests. In greenhouse conditions, the emergence speed rate, the percentage of emergence and the rate of pathogen transmission through the pathogen infestation in a substrate to plants were evaluated. Common bean seeds BRS Estilo were artificially inoculated with Fop isolate (IAC 11.299-1). In the seeds’ treatment, the chemical fungicides fludyoxonyl, flutriafol, methyl tiofanate, and biological products of Trichoderma sp. (isolates SF04, GF 422 and strain 1306), separately and mixed, were used. Treatments that promoted the best pathogen control in seeds were the combination of methyl tiophanate with biological products. Both flutriafol and GF 422 isolated and in mixed treatments affected the seeds’ physiological quality. The protective effect of the products was noted in the transmission test, whose Fop incidence was from 5 to 40% in the hypocotyl and from 5 to 30% in common bean roots.

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The objectives of the present project were to evaluate the sanity and germination of tobacco seed samples cultivated in Brazil and to identify potential pathogenic fungi to the culture. Thirty-four representatives samples of tobacco seeds were evaluated through germination and sanity test by the blotter-test. On the germination test, results were expressed in percentage of seedlings considered normal, abnormal and non-germinated seeds. The percentage of seeds germination varied between 54.5 and 90%. According to sanity test, it was verified the incidence of Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium spp., Fusarium spp., and Phoma spp. The incidence of A. alternata varied from 3 to 67%, and Fusarium spp. varied from 0 to 19%. There was significative positive correlation between the incidence of A. alternata and the percentage of seed germination. Species of Alternaria and Fusarium can be potential pathogens to tobacco culture and an alarm for the necessity of seed treatment of the seeds that are transporting these fungi.