New types of hydrogels derived from O-acetyl galactoglucomannan (AcGGM) hemicellulose have been synthesized and characterized. The objective of this work was to analyze the sorption capacity (S) of three types of hydrogels containing AcGGM derivatives incorporated into the carboxylic groups of the polymer chain in the AA hydrogel, sulfonic groups in the APA hydrogel, and amide groups in the acrylamide (Aam) hydrogel. These hydrogels are capable of interacting and removing ions such as cadmium [Cd(II)], copper [Cu(II)], lead [Pb(II)], nickel [Ni(II)], and zinc [Zn(II)]. The results show that AA and Aam hydrogels had a lower sorption capacity of ions compared to the APA hydrogel, which had a high sorption capacity. The maximal sorption capacity was determined by the successive enrichment method, obtaining Pb(II) amount of 48.3 mg/g of AA hydrogel, 65.8 mg/g of APA hydrogel, and 40.8 mg/g of Aam hydrogel. Hence, Pb(II) ions are greatly retained by the three hydrogels. These results are promising for the development of new materials with potential applications in metal ion removal.

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Adsorption studies were carried out to determine the behavior of three carbonaceous adsorbents with different magnetic orderings (ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, and diamagnetic) and the effect of an external magnetic field on the adsorption of a cation (lead, Pb 2+ ) and an anion (fluoride, F − ). Two different static magnetic field intensities were used to analyze the sensitivity of the adsorption system as a function of the applied magnetic field, based on computational simulations, with the aim of determining the degree of magnetization of each system and the distribution of the flow density generated by each magnetic field application system. The results of the adsorption studies for the removal of Pb 2+ showed a correlation between the adsorption capacities and the magnetic ordering of the adsorbent material. Particularly, the activated carbon of bituminous coal (ferromagnetic) showed an increase of 15%, whereas bone char (paramagnetic) showed an increase of 6%. On the other hand, this behavior was not observed in the studies for the removal of fluoride.