Due to its nutritional value, physiological effects and unique aroma, honey is one of our widely consumed foods, used for sweetening. There are several regulations concerning the composition and analysis of honey, of which the specifications and guidelines of the Hungarian Food Codex are authoritative in Hungary. In the present study, the color characteristics and nutrient composition of domestic and foreign honeys are examined. Our intention was to review the physical and chemical characteristics of honeys of different origin marketed in Hungary. As a point of interest, a honey obtained from a foreign market was also examined. Pollen is a less widely consumed apiculture product, mostly a dietary supplement known to health-conscious consumers. There is also much less knowledge is available about its composition than in the case of honey. With our work, we intended to fill this gap. In addition, the nutrient content and color characteristics of pollen samples from some plant species that also occur in Hungary are described.
Tápértékének, élettani hatásainak és egyedi aromájának köszönhetően a méz széles körben fogyasztott, édesítésre használt élelmiszerünk. A mézek összetételére és vizsgálatára vonatkozóan számos szabályozás létezik, amelyek közül hazánkban a Magyar Élelmiszerkönyv előírása és irányelvei a mérvadók. Tanulmányunkban hazai és külföldi mézek színjellemzőit és beltartalmi összetételét vizsgáltuk. Szándékunk volt áttekinteni a hazánkban forgalmazott, különböző eredetű mézek fizikai és kémiai jellemzőit. Érdekességképpen egy külföldön, piaci forgalomból beszerzett mézet is megvizsgáltunk. A virágpor kevésbé széles körben fogyasztott méhészeti termék, leginkább az egészségtudatos fogyasztók által ismert étrend-kiegészítő. Összetételét illetően is jóval kevesebb ismeret áll rendelkezésre, mint a méz esetén. Munkánkkal ezt a hiányt szeretnénk pótolni. Ezen túlmenően ismertetjük néhány, hazánkban is előforduló növényfajról származó virágpor beltartalmi összetételét és színjellemzőit.
In our study, Central and Eastern European bee pollens of different botanical origins were compared, based on their antioxidant and color properties. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and in vitro antioxidant capacity (by FRAP, CUPRAC, ABTS * + and DPPH * assays) were determined spectrophotometrically. Besides, Relative Antioxidant Capacity Indexes (RACI) were calculated. CIELAB color parameters (L*, a*, b*, chroma) were determined by using a tristimulus-based instrument. Potential correlations between the investigated parameters were also identified. Based on the results of the preliminary study, ethanol:distilled water (60 : 40) was chosen as an extraction solvent. The total phenolic content of our samples ranged between 9.41 and 27.49 mg GAE/g dw. Pollens showed TFC:TPC ratios between 9 and 44 %. RACI values indicate that rapeseed (Brassica napus), traveller's joy (Clematis vitalba) and phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia) pollens have relatively high, while pollens of certain plants of the Asteraceae family possess low antioxidant potential. Antioxidant properties correlated significantly in most cases. RACI values showed strong positive correlation with each of the other antioxidant capacity parameters, suggesting that this approach is well applicable for comparing the antioxidant potential of bee pollens. No clear correlation was found between the antioxidant and color parameters.
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