A 2D seismic reflection line for shallow targets in north Kuwait was acquired in December of 2010 with varying source types: explosives, accelerated weight drop, small (15,000 lb) vibrator, and heavy (80,000 lb) vibrator. The exploration target is shallow at around 100 ms to 400 ms two-way time (TWT). The objective of the study was to establish the optimal source effort for a planned 3D survey. The accelerated weight drop proved to be inferior to the other source types because the data lacked high-frequency content. Explosive data benefit from the absence of engine noise and less surface-wave noise compared to the other source types used; yet, the overall energy penetration was not as good as expected. The best data were achieved with vibrators. The small 15,000 lb vibrator produced less engine noise, but fell somewhat short with the observed frequency bandwidth compared to the heavy 80,000 lb vibrator because of vibrator design and energy penetration. The final stacked sections of the two vibrator data are very comparable, however, in the overall imaging of the subsurface. In addition, we acquired the 2D line a second time with the heavy vibrator refitted with an exhaust silencer kit that reduced the engine noise and air wave in prestack data. This has improved the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio in the stacked data by 2 dB.
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