This article tries to uncover the drivers of soccer players’ market value in the five major European soccer leagues taking into account model uncertainty (variable selection) in a framework with 35 billion potential models. For this purpose, we use a hedonic regression framework and implement Bayesian model averaging (BMA) through Markov chain Monte Carlo model composition (MC3). To deal with endogeneity issues, instrumental variable Bayesian model averaging (IVBMA) is implemented as well. We find very strong, and robust evidence, that the most important value drivers are player’s performance, participation in the national team (senior and under-21), age, and age squared.

Purpose This study aims to identify the current state, the emergent research clusters, the key research topics and the configuration of collaboration in scientific production related to the market value of soccer players. Design/methodology/approach This article analyzes 52 articles published between 1985 and 2021 and from the Scopus and WoS databases. Findings The subject is of growing interest both in academic and practical areas. A variable that frequently appears as a determinant of market value is crowd wisdom. The largest cluster related to the co-citation level shows that the main issues about soccer player market value are player performance, team performance, and the determinants of the superstar formation. Spain and Germany stand out as essential countries both in literary production and citation rate. The network of collaborations is still low. Research limitations/implications This study is supported by databases being constantly updated, resulting in continuous variation in the number of indexed journals. Consequently, a bibliometric analysis regarding an emergent topic can, in fewer years, be subject to essential variations. Another limitation is that it has analyzed a particular topic using the most influential databases, and the global perspective could be improved with the incorporation of other different databases. Data regarding collaborations could be helpful for investigations or policies that propose to approach the topic supported by specialized groups. This study offers the possibility for future researchers to extend the databases used, the level of analysis, or focus on specific topics or variables affecting the soccer player market value. Originality/value This study contributes to knowing the current state of the soccer player market value research. Studies on such topics are relatively limited concerning the literature review.

The results of three different groups of customers, each exposed to a different sales technique, were compared in order to evaluate which sales technique was more effective for achieving higher levels of sustained attention. The study used the Neurosky headband to measure brainwaves in millivolts. The three compared sales techniques were: 1) the training technique for sale, termed as structured by the AIDA model; 2) the traditional sale, here called unstructured; 3) and a structured technique with the help of simultaneous stimulation by several neuroattentional pathways, prescribed by the developments of the neuroscience of consumption (CN). The results showed a statistically significant difference in achieved sustained attention levels, presenting higher levels in clients exposed to the sales training technique and ower scores in those exposed to one of the techniques used by the CN. These results are discussed in relation to the concept of sustained attention in clients when the stimulation of a single neuroattentional pathway is used as compared to the activation of several pathways simultaneously.

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Many countries allow lawsuits to hold responsible parties liable for the environmental harm they cause. Such litigation remains largely untested in most biodiversity hotspots and in response to leading drivers of biodiversity loss, including illegal wildlife trade. Yet, liability litigation is a potentially ground-breaking conservation strategy to remedy biodiversity harm by seeking legal remedies such as species rehabilitation, public apologies, habitat conservation and education, with the goal to make the injured parties “whole”. However, most countries face a lack of precedent cases, limited expert guidance and the gap between legal practitioners and scientists. We propose a simplified framework for developing conservation lawsuits across countries and conservation contexts. We explain liability litigation in terms of three dimensions: 1) defining the harm that occurred, 2) identifying appropriate remedies to that harm, and 3) understanding what remedies the law and courts will allow. We illustrate the framework via a hypothetical lawsuit against an illegal orangutan trader in Indonesia. We highlight that conservationists’ expertise is essential to characterizing harm and identifying remedies, and could more actively contribute to strategic, science-based litigation. This would identify priority contexts, target defendants responsible for egregious harm, propose novel and meaningful remedies, and build new transdisciplinary collaborations.