Depression in children and adolescents can negatively impact cognitive functioning, social development, and academic performance. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a computerized battery of neuropsychological tests could detect neurocognitive difficulties in children and adolescents with depression. Participants included 30 children and adolescents between the ages of 9 and 17 years (M = 14.6, SD = 2.1) with a clinical diagnosis of depression. Healthy control participants were individually matched on age, education, sex, race, primary language, handedness, and self-reported computer familiarity. All participants completed the Central Nervous System Vital Signs computerized battery. This battery of seven tests yields 23 test scores and 5 domain scores (Memory, Psychomotor Speed, Reaction Time, Complex Attention, and Cognitive Flexibility). Children and adolescents with depression performed worse on the Memory (Cohen's d = .43) and Complex Attention domains (d = .58) than matched controls. On the individual test scores, children and adolescents with depression performed worse on delayed verbal memory (d = .63), delayed visual memory (d = .34), measures of reaction time (d = .34-.53), and accuracy/inhibition on complex attention tasks (d = .49-.65). When considering the five domain scores simultaneously, children and adolescents with depression were more likely to have two or more scores at or below the 5th percentile (p = .05). Children and adolescents with depression have problems with reduced processing speed, memory for verbal information, and executive functioning on this computerized battery of tests, which represents a feasible method for neuropsychological screening.
After years of relentless effort and five weeks of intense and difficult negotiations, the Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) was adopted and opened for signature in Rome on 17 July 1998. This historic event represents a major step forward in the battle against impunity and towards better respect for international humanitarian law. For too long it has been possible to commit atrocities with total impunity, a situation which has given perpetrators carte blanche to continue such practices. The system of repression established by international law clearly has its shortcomings, and the time has come to adopt new rules and set up new institutions to ensure the effective prosecution of international crimes. A criminal court, whether at the national or international level, does not put a stop to crime, but it may serve as a deterrent and, consequently, may help reduce the number of victims. The results achieved in Rome should thus be welcomed, in the hope that the new Court will be able to discharge its mandate to the full.
Dans cet article, nous cherchons è comprendre l'évolution des pratiques « ailleurs » et « autrement » que les ressources alternatives communautaires au Québec ont proné et pronent toujours. è cette fin, nous préciserons d'abord le sens et la signification des notions d'« ailleurs « et d'» autrement » dans le contexte de la transformation du système de santé mentale au Québec depuis 1989. Nous présenterons ensuite les résultats d'une recherche exploratoire effectuée entre 1997 et 1999 auprès de coordonnateurs/intervenants et coordonnatrices/intervenantes et de participants et participantes de 6 ressources communautaires en santé mentale d'un territoire sociosanitaire semi-urbain du Québec. Les résultats de cette recherche démontrent le bien-fondé de certaines craintes de « déradicalisation » des ressources alternatives en santé mentale. En effect, notre analyse suggère le déroulement d'un processus complexe comprenant è la fois la nature de l'insertion des alternatives dans le système public plus large, leurs dynamiques internes ainsi que les limites émergentes de la vision de l'» ailleurs « et de l'» autrement » qui les a guidé jusqu'è maintenant. Après plus de 20 ans d'existence, est-ce que le sens de l'ailleurs « et de l'autrement » en santé mentale au Québec est sur le point de se réinventer?
Au Québec et ailleurs dans le monde, la préoccupation s’accentue en regard de la santé mentale de l’ensemble de la population et de la nécessité de concentrer plus d’énergie sur les interventions préventives et de promotion. Il est alors recommandé que les acteurs de santé publique agissent en tant que chef de file de l’action de promotion de la santé mentale et de prévention des troubles mentaux et établissent les partenariats nécessaires avec les acteurs des secteurs de la santé, des services sociaux et des autres secteurs indispensables à l’action en santé mentale. Les acteurs de santé publique au Canada ne sont toutefois pas encore suffisamment soutenus dans ce rôle. Ils expriment, entre autres besoins, celui d’avoir accès à des cadres structurants qui clarifient leur action en santé mentale. Cet article propose un cadre de référence pour soutenir l’action en santé mentale des populations. Ce cadre identifie les différentes dimensions propres à l’intervention en faveur de l’amélioration de la santé mentale de la population et de la réduction des inégalités de santé mentale. L’article illustre enfin comment l’application de la responsabilité populationnelle au niveau local permet de mettre en pratique les différentes dimensions de ce cadre de référence. Ultimement il permet aux acteurs de santé publique de mieux cerner leur action en faveur de la santé mentale des populations.In Quebec, like elsewhere in the world, we are witnessing a growing concern for the population’s mental health and for the importance of concentrating efforts on prevention and promotion. In this context, public health actors are invited to adopt a leadership role in advancing mental health promotion and mental disorder prevention goals, and establish the required partnerships with actors from the health and social services and from other sectors who are indispensable to the population mental health agenda. In Canada, public heath actors are not yet sufficiently supported in this role. They express the need to access structuring frameworks which can clarify their action in mental health. This article first presents the momentum for change at the policy level within the field of mental health. A framework to support population mental health action is then presented. The framework identifies the various dimensions underlying the promotion of population mental health as well as the reduction of mental health inequalities. The article finally illustrates how the application of a populational (the application of a populational responsibility perspective) responsibility perspective, as it is defined in the context of Quebec, facilitates the implementation of the various elements of this framework. In the end, public health actors are better equipped to situate their practice in favour of the population’s ment...
El Tribunal Penal International para ex Yugoslavia (TPIY) y el Tribunal Penal Internacional para Ruanda (TPIR) fueron instituidos el 11 de febrero de 1993 y el 8 de noviembre de 1994, respectivamente, por decision del Consejo de Seguridad para enjuiciar a las personas responsables de graves violaciones del derecho internacional humanitario. La finalidad del Consejo de Seguridad era poner término a tales violaciones y contribuir a restaurar y a mantener la paz. Con el establecimiento de los dos Tribunales ad hoc se ha dado, sin lugar a dudas, un gran paso en esa dirección y se da a los autores de dichas transgresiones y a las víctimas la inequívoca señal de que ya no se volverá a tolerar tal comportamiento.
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