In recent decades, the environmental issue has led to greater flexibility of spatial scales, using an environmental discourse to intervene on the ground. The State has been organising this space, using the environmental issue as justification, with specific laws containing spatial planning objectives, as well as allowing municipalities to carry out direct action in their territories to deal with the most urgent issues relating to land management. At the same time, as has happened with policy changes since the 1990s, public power has established territorial strategic alliances with the private sector in a way which has mainly favoured the latter. This article aims to show how this issue is dealt with in the Green Municipalities Program, which began in Southeast Pará in 2008. The results show a process of re-harnessing the economic value of the space using the discourse of "sustainable development".
No abstract
Le Monopoly est un jeu de société mondialement connu, dont il existe de multiples versions nationales qui sont un bon marqueur des grandes aires d’influence géopolitiques. Le Monopoly français se joue sur un plateau évoquant les rues de Paris, datant de 1935. Cette géographie immobilière des années trente est-elle toujours d’actualité? Les auteurs proposent une nouvelle version du Monopoly parisien, plus fidèle à la hiérarchie immobilière et sociale que la version actuelle et que les nouvelles versions commercialisées.
Monopoly is a universally known parlour game, with multiple national versions. French Monopoly is played on a board evoking the streets of Paris, going back to 1935. Is this real estate geography of the Thirties still valid? The authors propose a new version of the Parisian Monopoly, more faithful to the real social hierarchy than the current version and the newly released versions.
O Banco Imobiliário é um jogo mundialmente conhecido, com múltiplas versões nacionais, que constituem um bom indicador das grandes áreas de influência geopolítica. O Monopoly francês usa um tabuleiro que representa as ruas de Paris em 1935. Esta geografia imobiliária dos anos 30 continua atual? Os autores propõem um novo quadro do jogo parisiense, mais fiel à hierarquia imobiliária e social de hoje que a versão clássica e que as versões recentemente comercializadas
L'article met en perspective les voyages d'Elisabeth II dans un monde où l'influence britannique décline. La tendance est claire: en dehors des voyages dans les pays européens (notamment en France et en Allemagne), les plus nombreux ont été faits dans les pays dont la reine a été la souveraine jusqu'au bout, notamment le Canada (22 voyages) et l'Australie (15 voyages) et les îles des Caraïbes et du Pacifique restées sous souveraineté britannique. Puis, par ordre décroissant, dans les pays du Commonwealth, avec une préférence pour ceux dont elle était restée la souveraine.
Monopoly is a board game known all over the world, with many national versions. A geographical analysis of their distribution is an excellent example of diffusion. The choice of cities in whose streets people play reveals the limits of the areas of influence of some of the major powers – a real geography of the game.
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