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Blockchain is gaining traction for improving the security of healthcare applications, however, it does not become a silver bullet as various security threats are observed in blockchain-based applications. Moreover, when performing the security risk management (SRM) of blockchain-based applications, there are conceptual ambiguities and semantic gaps that hinder from treating the security threats effectively. To address these issues, we present a blockchain-based healthcare security ontology (HealthOnt) that offers coherent and formal information models to treat security threats of traditional and blockchain-based applications. We evaluate the ontology by performing the SRM of a back-pain patient’s healthcare application case. The results show that HealthOnt can support the iterative process of SRM and can be continually updated when new security threats, vulnerabilities, or countermeasures emerge. In addition, the HealthOnt may assist in the modelling and analysis of real-world situations while addressing important security concerns from the perspective of stakeholders. This work can help blockchain developers, practitioners, and other associated stakeholders to develop secure blockchain-based healthcare applications in the early stages.

Autonomous vehicles (AV) are becoming a part of humans' everyday life. There are numerous pilot projects of driverless public buses; some car manufacturers deliver their premium-level automobiles with advanced self-driving features. Thus, assuring the security of a Passenger-Autonomous Vehicle interaction arises as an important research topic, as along with opportunities, new cybersecurity risks and challenges occur that potentially may threaten Passenger's privacy and safety on the roads. This study proposes an approach of the security requirements elicitation based on the developed threat model. Thus, information security risk management helps to fulfil one of the principles needed to protect data privacy -information security. We demonstrate the process of security requirements elicitation to mitigate arising security risks. The findings of the paper are case-oriented and are based on the literature review. They are applicable for AV system implementation used by ride-hailing service providers that enable supervisory AV control. CCS Concepts: • Security and privacy → Domain-specific security and privacy architectures; • Information systems → Process control systems; • Software and its engineering → Risk management.

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