IntroductionThe aim of the research was to determine the influence degree of a sports and rehabilitation program on perception of quality of life among people with visual impairments.MethodsTheoretical analysis, sociological methods (SF-36, 36-item Short Form Health Survey), pedagogical experiment, mathematical and statistical methods were applied. The research involved 34 people with visual impairments, who were divided into 3 groups, depending on the level of their visual impairment.ResultsIt has been figured out that the perception of quality of life in people with visual impairments depends on the level of their vision loss. Among the blind, the perception is significantly lower (p < 0.05) than with moderate or severe visual impairment. A comparison of the evaluation results (with the SF-36 questionnaire) before and after the experiment allowed to determine the impact of the authors’ program on the perception of quality of life in people with visual impairment.ConclusionsA sports and rehabilitation program for people with visual impairments has been created. The program stipulates the fulfilment of rehabilitation tasks as well as tasks of sports training. It preconditions intensive sports training in the future. The implementation of the sports and rehabilitation program has been proved effective (<i>p</i> < 0.05) for the perception of quality of life in people with visual impairments.

The analysis of scientific and methodological literature shows the fragmentary nature of the available information on the issues of training system for athletes with disabilities in strength sports. The mechanical transfer of unadapt scientific and methodological approaches to the preparation of athletes in the Olympic sport to adaptive sports is observed today. The aim of the research is to identify the peculiarities of composing a training system for athletes with disabilities in strength sports. We involved coaches (n = 54) working in the field of strength sports in the research. The questionnaire was conducted in an open form on the basis of 15 Regional Centers of Physical Culture and Sports for the Disabled "Invasport". Based on the analysis of questionnaire results, the theoretical structure of long-term multiannual preparation of athletes with disabilities in strength sports was developed. In addition, we have determined the recommended quantitative indices of competitive and training activities for athletes in strength sports. It was established that the structure of longterm multiannual preparation should include five stages, the duration of which depends on the level of remained motor abilities of athletes. The necessity of approaches correction is revealed for composing training system for athletes with disabilities in strength sports on the basis of adaptation of the corresponding approaches of general theory to the peculiarities of training athletes with disabilities.

The basis for building the training of highly qualified athletes in powerlifting for many years is a jump-like or systematic planning of load components in the structural formations of the training process, characterized by increasing volume and intensity as athletes become skilled. As a result of application of such approach to construction of preparation of sportsmen already at a stage of preparation for higher achievements parameters of volume and intensity of loading reach the maximum possible indicators that causes forcing of sports results and exhausts reserve possibilities of an organism of powerlifters. The purpose of this research is to substantiate the structure and content of the training program for athletes in classical powerlifting at the stage of preparation for higher achievements. To achieve this goal, analogy, analysis, synthesis, abstraction, induction, extrapolation, analysis of best practices were used. Based on the analysis of available scientific knowledge and best practices, the structure and content of the training program for athletes in classical powerlifting at the stage of preparation for higher achievements are substantiated. The author's program is based on the use of a differentiated approach to planning the volume and intensity of the load in different groups of exercises in microcycles, which allows to maintain high levels of load intensity against the background of reducing the amount of load. The use of a differentiated approach to the planning of load components in groups of exercises in microcycles provides a sufficient degree of adaptive shifts in the body of athletes to ensure increased performance of competitive activities and reduce the likelihood of forcing sports results.

The analysis of scientific and methodical literature confirms the fragmentary consideration of a problem of planning of loading of athletes in classic powerlifting that is connected with identification of preparation of athletes in equipped and classic divisions. The results of athletes in classic powerlifting are identical to the results of some weight categories in the equipment division. Despite the rapid dynamics of results, the scientific justification for building the training of athletes in classic powerlifting is based on the achievements of scientists in the field of weightlifting or equipment powerlifting. The purpose is to identify the features of load planning in the training of highly qualified powerlifters in the competitive period of the macrocycle. To solve this goal, we used the following research methods: analogy, analysis, synthesis, abstraction, induction, extrapolation, generalization of practical experience, analysis of documentary materials, methods of mathematical statistics. The study revealed the following patterns in load planning in the training of highly qualified powerlifters in the competitive period of the macrocycle: inverse dependence in planning the volume and intensity of the load in training, which is a gradual increase in intensity against the background of the load as you approach the main competitions; nonlinear planning of loading in microcycles in separate groups of exercises on the basis of application of big indicators of intensity of loading in one group of exercises and average and small intensities in two other groups; reducing the intensity of the load in the groups of exercises as you approach the main competitions in accordance with the number of muscle groups involved during the performance of these exercises.

Training of athletes with disabilities in various adaptive sports in recent years is an important area of research. However, the effectiveness of the process of training athletes depends not only on training programs, but also on the quality of training of coaches in adaptive sports, which play a key role in the socialization and integration of people with disabilities through the use of sports. The problem of training for the field of adaptive sports is relevant and needs to be addressed urgently. The purpose is to substantiate the structure and content of professional preparedness of coaches in adaptive sports. To solve this goal, we used the following research methods: analogy, analysis, synthesis, abstraction, induction, extrapolation, generalization of practical experience. As a result of the research the structure of professional preparedness of a coach in adaptive sports is substantiated, which includes general-theoretical preparedness, special- theoretical preparedness, professional-pedagogical preparedness and professional-practical preparedness. The content of the components of professional preparedness of a coach in adaptive sports has been supplemented on the basis of taking into account the ideological orientation of adaptive sports and the peculiarities of motor activity of athletes with disabilities. The components of professional and pedagogical preparedness and professional and applied preparedness should cover the specifics of the sport, so their content may differ in part in different adaptive sports. The special theoretical basic preparedness of a coach in adaptive sports, in addition to the available scientifically sound content, should include information content on the basics of sports biomechanics, rehabilitation, anti-doping legislation and classification.