The leading place in the structure of livestock production is occupied by poultry farming. The intensive development of this industry poses a problem in maintaining the cleanliness of the environment since, in addition to the main products, there is a considerable amount of waste. The latter serves as a source of greenhouse gases entering the atmosphere, which are one of the main causes of negative changes in the climatic balance of the planet. Therefore, determining the level of greenhouse gas emissions under the influence of inorganic and biologically active substances was the basis of the planned research. As a result of the conducted studies, the effectiveness of the studied substances – perlite, glauconite, saponite, vermiculite, biopreparations Kapeliukhiv Yarok and Scarabei, magnesium acetate and superphosphate – was established to reduce the level of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitric oxide (NO) release from poultry litter (in vitro). In particular, it was determined that vermiculite, which most effectively affects greenhouse gas emissions from poultry litter from natural sorbents, reduces the level of CH4 and CO2 by 10.5-14.4%, and NO – 9.6-11.2%. The biological product of Kapeliukhiv Yarok more effectively reduces the emission of CH4 and CO2 from the test substrate by 12.9-17.3%, and Scarabei – NO by 11.8-13.3%. The introduction of magnesium acetate and superphosphate into fermented poultry litter helps to reduce the level of CH4 and CO2 release by 14.8-18.7% and 14.0-17.4%, respectively, and NO – by 15.3-16.1% and 12.4-14.7%. Studied substances that reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the greatest extent (in vitro) – magnesium acetate, superphosphate, biopreparations Kapeliukhiv Yarok and Scarabei, vermiculite from the studied substrate, and at the same time provide the lowest pH level – 6.55-7.15 units. Thus, the determination of the effectiveness of the studied inorganic and biologically active substances on reducing greenhouse gas emissions from poultry litter (in vitro) indicates the prospects of their use to prevent environmental pollution in the intensive management of the poultry industry
A considerable share in the formation of food security of the population is occupied by the poultry industry, which is one of the most economically attractive and competitive, as evidenced by the annual steady growth dynamics of the production of valuable food products – poultry meat and eggs, characterised by high nutritional value, excellent dietary and taste qualities. The increase in poultry production leads, respectively, to the intensification of production on the one hand, and on the other hand – the accumulation of waste due to an increase in the number of poultry. One of the priority areas for solving the problem of environmental safety in the poultry industry is the processing of animal by-products through enzymatic fermentation, which yields an added energy product and organic-mineral fertiliser, thereby preventing methane emissions into the atmosphere, and therefore global warming. Therefore, the search for ways to intensify the methane output from chicken manure upon anaerobic fermentation, namely by adding various substances, was the purpose of the planned study. The experiment was conducted using laboratory, analytical, and mathematical-statistical methods. According to the results of experimental studies, a positive effect of FeO, Fe2O3 was established, Basidiomycota fungal-based bio-compositions, biologics – Meganit Nirbator, Reduklin T, Reduklin Compost and a complex preparation for activating enzymatic processes in chicken manure on the processes of anaerobic bio-fermentation and growth of methane content (CH4) from chicken manure (in vitro) against the background of an increase in the pH value to 9.05-9.3 with a simultaneous lower level of carbon dioxide (CO2). Best results for increasing the volume of CH4 output from the fermented substrate, by 15.7-18.8%, was observed in variants with a complex preparation for activating enzymatic processes in chicken manure. Application of Basidiomycota fungal-based bio-composition contributes to an increase in methane emissions from the test substrate by 5.4-9.6%, and biologics – Meganit Nirbator, Reduklin T and Reduklin Compost cause an increase in the volume of this gas output, respectively, by 5.6-9.4%, 9.5-14.2%, and 7.1-12%. Adding FeO and Fe2O3 to chicken manure causes an increase in the level of CH4 emissions by 4.1-7.4% and 5.8-11.2%, respectively. Thus, the results obtained indicate the expediency of using the studied substances in the processing of chicken manure in biogas plants to intensify the methane yield, which will minimise the adverse impact of intensive management of the poultry industry on the state of the environment
Збалансоване природокористування № 4/2019 Постановка проблеми. Розв'язання глобальних проблем енергетичної безпеки сьогодення визначає не тільки темпи соціальноекономічного розвитку, а й майбутнє людства, а отже є надзвичайно актуальним практично для всіх країн світу і особливо гостро відчувається в Україні, яка лише на 35-45% здатна задовольнити свої потреби власними паливно-енергетичними ресурсами [1-4]. На сьогодні особливої уваги заслуговують дві взаємозалежні про-ЕКОЛОГІЧНА БЕЗПЕКА ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
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