Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences and Faculty of Medical Sciences starting from December 2012, launched joint study in order to investigate personal noise exposure and associated health effects in general school teachers population, starting from kindergartens up to high schools in Stip, Macedonia.In order to determine workplace associated noise exposure and associated health effects in this specific profession, a full shift noise exposure of 40 teachers from 1 kindergarten, 2 primary and 2 high schools were measured in real conditions using noise dosimeters.A-weighted equivalent-continuous sound pressure levels (LAeq) of each teacher were recorded during single activities (classes). Normalized 8-hours exposure, termed the noise exposure level (L ex,8 h ) was also computed. Daily noise dose is another descriptor for noise exposure that was determined as a measure of the total sound energy to which workers have been exposed, as a result of working in the varying noise levels.Health effects were assessed trough a full scale epidemiological study which included 231 teachers from the same schools. Specific questionnaire was used to extract information about subject's perception on occupational noise exposure, as well as theirs occupational and medical history.

The construction of underground mining facilities is of essential importance to the exploitation of mineral resources. Confirmation of this is the fact that construction costs of main mining facilities occupy 40 -60% of the underlying investments in mine construction and equipping. The main underground mining facilities are: shafts, drifts, raise, pump chambers, warehouses etc. This paper presents a detailed analysis of an underground mining facility -drift construction costs per individual working operations, following their change which depends on the rock type and profile size of the underground mining facility, as well as possibilities for reducing these costs.

Background The skin is exposed to numerous particulate and gaseous air pollutants. The ones that need particular attention are the particles that adhere to the skin surface, which can later cause direct skin damage. This study aimed to characterize air pollution (AP) particles adhered to the human skin by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with X‐ray dispersive energy spectrometry (EDX). Methods Tape stripping was performed from six healthy volunteers exposed to urban AP to collect stratum corneum samples from the cheeks and forehead. The samples were analysed using SEM equipped with EDX system with a silicon drift detector at an accelerating voltage of 20 keV. After the preliminary examination, the particles were located and counted using 1000× magnification. Each particle was analysed, increasing magnification up to 5000× for precise dimension measurement and elemental composition analysis. At least 100 fields or a surface of approximately 1 mm2 were examined. Results Particles adhered to the skin were identified in all samples, with a particle load ranging from 729 to 4525. The average area and perimeter of all particles identified were 302 ± 260 μm2 and 51 ± 23 μm subsequently, while the equivalent circular diameter was, on average, 14 ± 6 μm. The particles were classified into ten groups based on morphology and elemental composition. Chlorides were the most numerous particle group (21.9%), followed by carbonaceous organic particles (20.3%), silicates (18%), carbonates (16.4%), metal‐rich particles (14%), and a minor number of bioaerosols, quartz‐like, and fly ash particles. Conclusion The SEM–EDX analysis provides evidence of the contamination of exposed skin to various airborne PM of natural or anthropogenic origin. This method may provide new insights into the link between exposure to AP and AP‐induced skin damage.

This paper presents the analysis of the construction of horizontal mining facilities where 18 variants of mining facilities were developed. The aim of this research was to determine the required time for construction of all variants and then to reduce it to the time required for construction of 1 m` per facilities. Also the required time for construction of 1000 m' of the same facilities is calculated. Based on analysis, two parametric functional dependents of construction time are determined in relation of uniaxial compressive strength of rock mass and the size of the facilities` cross section.

Abstract:Exactly established longitudinal profile, as well as physicalmechanical properties of all lithological units along the route of a mining facility are very important for the design of an underground mining facilities. This paper presents the construction of ramp in an underground mine in Macedonia, where real and projected supporting operating supplies are compared. Key words: engineering -mining profile, costs, rampsApstrakt: Od presudne važnosti kod projektovanja podzemnih prostorija je tačno utvrđen profil kroz osu buduće trase, kao i fizičko-mehaničke osobine svih litoloških jedinica po trasi prostorije. Problemi koji se mogu javiti, zbog loše sprovedenih ispitivanja terena, tokom realizacije same izrade su višestruki. U ovom radu prikazana je izrada otkopne rampe u podzemnom rudniku u Makedoniji. Pri tome upoređene su realno utrošene i projektovanekoličine podgradnih materijala.