O mogno (Swietenia macrophylla King) possui importância econômica, mas encontra-se em risco de extinção em razão da sua exploração intensiva. Portanto, o cultivo e os estudos que mostrem o comportamento fisiológico dessa espécie tornam-se relevantes. Tendo em vista estes aspectos, foi realizada esta pesquisa com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos do sombreamento na atividade da enzima nitrato redutase e no crescimento de mogno em casa de vegetação. O plano para as unidades experimentais foi o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (diferentes níveis de sombreamento) e nove repetições. Os dados de fitomassa seca de caule e a atividade da enzima nitrato redutase não diferiram estatisticamente entre os tratamentos. Com relação às raízes e folhas, observou-se um maior acúmulo de fitomassa seca com 20 e 50% de sombreamento. O mogno apresenta menor acúmulo de fitomassa seca sobre 0% de sombreamento; no entanto, a atividade da enzima nitrato redutase não é influenciada pelo sombreamento.
Annona emarginata (Annonaceae) has two morphological variations (A. emarginata ‘mirim’ and A. emarginata ‘terra‐fria’). The species has agricultural value and produces specialized metabolites of pharmacological interest. The objective of this work was to analyze whether chemical and morphological differences contribute to differentiate A. emarginata ‘terra‐fria’ from A. emarginata ‘mirim’, as chemophenetic variations of A. emarginata. The analysis of chemical compounds was based on the quantification, profile of root alkaloids and on the leaves volatile profile, together with morphometric analyses of the leaf blade. The samples were collected in three phenological stages (flowering, fruiting, and vegetative) at two places in São Paulo, Brazil. Differences in the composition of the alkaloid profile and leaf volatiles (in both places and in the three phenological stages) allowed us to separate the two morphotypes by multivariate statistical analysis. These differences agreed with the leaf blade morphology and flower color. This first chemophenetic report of A. emarginata demonstrates that, in addition to morphological variations, the specialized metabolism of roots and leaves can be phytochemical characters, which suggest the existence of at least morphochemotypes of A. emarginata.
RESUMOHíbridos de tangerina Sunki vs Poncirus trifoliata cv. Rubidoux são uma nova geração de porta-enxertos para a citricultura que apresentam o potencial de reunir características como, formação de plantas com menor porte de copa, elevada eficiência produtiva e produção de frutos com alta qualidade de suco. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar híbridos de porta-enxertos de citros, em competição com limão 'Cravo' (Citrus limonia Osbeck), enxertados com laranja 'Valência' (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), visando novas seleções de porta-enxertos para a citricultura. Foram avaliadas 48 combinações de laranja 'Valência' com híbridos utilizados como porta-enxerto e o limão Cravo. As variáveis analisadas foram: compatibilidade entre copa e porta-enxerto, desenvolvimento vegetativo das plantas, produção, eficiência produtiva, massa dos frutos, diâmetros equatorial e polar dos frutos, rendimento do suco, teores de sólidos solúveis totais (SST -°Brix), acidez titulável (AT), "ratio" (Relação SST/AT), índice tecnológico (IT). Foi calculado um índice de desempenho para cada combinação copa/porta-enxerto. Para isso, foram previamente determinados índices para as variáveis produção de frutos, rendimento de suco, "ratio" e índice tecnológico. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que ao menos 18 híbridos enxertados com laranja 'Valência' mostraram melhores índices de desempenho em relação ao limão 'Cravo'. Termos de indexação: citrandarins, Citrus, índice de desempenho.Alternative rootstocks for Valencia orange cultivation in the southwest region of the state of São Paulo SUMMARYHybrids of mandarin Sunki vs Poncirus trifoliata cv. Rubidoux are a new generation of citrus rootstocks that have potencial to bring together characteristics such as, formation of plants with lower canopy size, high productive efficiency and production of fruits with high quality of juice. The objective of the present study was to evaluate citrus rootstocks in competition with Rangpur lime
Atemoya currently has its seeds studied in several aspects, from the technological and physiological point of view. However, for the performance of the germination test, there is no standardization in relation to the number of seeds and replicates. Thus, this work aims to determine the optimal sample size for germination tests with atemoya seeds. A germination test was carried out with 5 treatments, considering 10, 20, 30 40 and 50 seeds per sampling unit with 50 replicates of each. Data were analyzed using logistic regression, non-linear Gompertz regression models, bootstrap simulation and graphs in the form of contour lines in order to be able to infer the best binomial of the number of seeds per sampling unit and the number of replicates. The expected germination percentage, maximum germination speed and times for the beginning of the germination process, maximum germination speed and interruption of the germination process were determined. The treatment of 20 seeds per sampling unit statistically differs from that of 40 seeds by the Tukey-Kramer test with 5% significance. It could be concluded that for germination tests with atemoya seeds to have statistical validity, the smallest sample size is 10 seeds per unit, regardless of number of replicates.
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