The design of a gas-driven downhole pumping unit for oil production from directional and horizontal wells has been developed. The unit has no rod string, the slide and pneumatic jack are located in the tubing string. Using these units with a compressed associated gas as a working fluid will allow, unlike the hydraulic pumps, avoiding complex surface equipment for preparing the working fluid, maintenance of which is rather labour-consuming, and increasing the reliable operation of slides and downhole pumping units as a whole. In the course of experimental study of the parameters of the proposed installation it was shown on a laboratory bench showed that the fluid feed increases in direct proportion to the rate from 0.6 to 3.6 m/min. There has been obtained an empirical dependence to determine the flow of a borehole pump depending on its geometric parameters, plunger stroke length, stroke speed and gas content in the produced oil. According to the estimated parameters of the developed gas-driven unit, the supply can reach 386 m3/day, which is comparable to the supply of hydraulic units in use.

The analysis of the existing design of field apparatuses for dewaxing and crystallizing has shown their essential shortcomings which do not allow their use as field apparatuses for dewaxing oil. For elimination of these shortcomings there has been offered a design of a field apparatus for dewaxing oil using a continuous thermal hydrocyclone with the cooling and warming jacket. The characteristics of the process of asphalt resinous paraffin product receiving have been studied: temperature of melting - 54°C, crystallization temperature - 56°C, melting and crystallization heat - 189 kJ/kg, speed of sedimentation of solid particles - 1.6 · 10-3 m/s. Key parameters of the field apparatus for dewaxing oil are evaluated: height of each of 10 field apparatus for dewaxing oil bodies will make 1.0 m, diameter of the installation is 0.5 m. For conditions of V. Filanovsky field in the Northern Caspian Sea apparatus productivity on oil will make 648 t/h, on asphalt resinous paraffin product - of 19 t/h.

During the processing, storage and transportation of highly paraffinic oil, a negative role is played by asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits, consisting of 85-95% of paraffin, which form on the inner walls of oil pipelines and represent a serious problem for the above processes, due to the difficulty of their dewaxing. The dewaxing process is the operation of removing solid hydrocarbon complexes from oil product fractions, which crystallize from a solution with a decrease in its temperature. Such hydrocarbons include high molecular weight paraffin and naphthenic complexes with long alkyl chains with normal and weakly branched structural organization. The aim of the study was to develop a rational method for obtaining paraffin from asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits and the design of an industrial dewaxer for obtaining technical paraffin, based on an assessment of the main design dimensional and technological parameters that affect this process. To improve the method for obtaining paraffin from asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits and determine its rational instrumentation, the design and technological parameters of a field oil dewaxes, the rate of formation and melting temperature, the crystallization temperature and heat of melting of deposits, loss of thermal energy, density characteristics of oil, asphalt-resin-paraffin substances, as well as their mixtures. The choice of design solutions and structural materials for the manufacture of the dewaxes was carried out taking into account their rigidity, that is, the ability to prevent external influences during deformations that do not reduce their performance. It should be noted that the effectiveness of the proposed technical solutions is additionally confirmed by the assessment of the technical and economic indicators of the designed oil dewaxes. Thus, the scientific and technical task of developing original and improving existing technological methods that make it possible to obtain a high paraffin fraction, including original design solutions for the implementation of these procedures, is relevant, especially when simplifying, reducing the cost of technology and improving the environmental safety of oil production.

The article considers modernization of the design of thermohydrocyclone (THC), where cooling, solidification and heating mechanisms are carried out in one continuous process. This reduces the time of the complete cycle of oil removal from paraffin, increases the productivity and efficiency of the plant. The technological scheme of continuous operation THC is presented. The general factors and simplifying allowances for mathematical modeling of phase transition processes (melting and solidification) are considered. Differential equations for heat transfer in the course of paraffin melting and solidification in a conical layer have been solved analytically. Formulas for determining thickness of the conical layer of the new phase, time of formation of a new solid phase, and average density of the heat flow in the conical layer on a THC wall have been derived. The effect of centrifugal inertia forces is taken into account. The formulas for calculating the basic parameters are summarized in the form of power criterion equations linking Fourier criteria (Fo), Kosovich criteria (Ko) and Pomerantsev criteria (Po) under the quasiconductive non-stationary heat exchange in THC.