_______________________________________________________________________________________________________Resumo: O crescimento da tilapicultura nas últimas três décadas tem feito desse grupo de peixes um dos mais cultivados de forma extensiva no mundo. A tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) é a espécie mais cultivada nos parques aquícolas brasileiros, devido a sua rusticidade, rápido crescimento, tolerância a baixa qualidade da água e considerável resistência a doenças. Porém, uma bactéria emergente em aquicultura, Francisella noatunensis orientalis, extremamente virulenta, tem sido responsável por mortes de tilápias nos criatórios brasileiros. O diagnóstico através de testes moleculares como a PCR em tempo real (qPCR) tem contribuído na identificação das espécies de Francisella envolvidas nos casos de doença granulomatosa nesses peixes. Medidas profiláticas devem ser adotadas no intuito de diminuir o risco de contaminação das pisciculturas por essa bactéria garantindo assim a saúde do plantel e dessa forma, evitando prejuízos aos produtores. O presente estudo tem como objetivo informar sobre a situação da franciselose em tilápias na aquicultura brasileira. Palavras-chave:Franciselose, tilapicultura, diagnóstico. Abstract:The growth of tilapicultura in the last three decades has done of this fish group one of the most extensive aquaculture of the world. The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is the most created specie in brazilian fish farms, because of its rusticity, fast growth, low water quality tolerance and considerable diseases resistance. However, an emergente bacteria, Francisella noatunensis orientalis, extremely virulent, has been responsible for tilapia deaths in brazilian farms. The molecular diagnosis like real time PCR (qPCR) has contributed to Francisella´s species identification involved in granulomatous disease in these fishs. Prevention measures should be applied in order to reduce the Francisella contamination risk in fish farms, thus ensuring the squad health, avoiding losses to producers. This study aims to inform about the situation of francisellosis in tilapias in brazilian aquaculture.

Background: Campylobacter spp. are among the microorganisms most commonly associated with foodborne disease. Campylobacter spp. isolation from pigs during the slaughter and final products have been reported in several countries, including Brazil. However, very little is known about the sources of contamination in the slaughtering flowchart and how these microorganisms are spread in processing plants. Considering the possibility of the pigs carry Campylobacter spp. since the farm or its products are contaminated in the slaughterhouse, this study had as aim to track Campylobacter spp. in pig slaughtering flowchart to understand the behavior of these pathogens in the production line.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty animals of 10 lots, four from each lot, were followed during slaughter. Stool samples were collected from the floor of each enclosure where the pigs were housed on the farm and immediately after stunning on slaughterhouse. Samples from carcass surface were collected after removal of the animals from scrap machine, after evisceration and before the refrigeration chamber. It was also collected surface samples from jowls and samples from the scalding tank water before and after the passage of animals. The swabs containing samples were plated onto Columbia agar supplemented with activated charcoal, oxygen reduction solution and antibiotics supplement, and incubated at 42°C for 48 h under microaerobic conditions. The colonies which presented with a shiny and moist appearance were analyzed by Gram staining for identification of Campylobacter by morphology, and then tested for catalase and oxidase. The Campylobacter isolates were identified for species C. jejuni or C. coli by PCR. Bands profiles were determined by rep-PCR and used to compare the strains. Campylobacter was isolated from 19 (9.5%) of the 200 pig samples analyzed, seven (36.8%) of the rectum, seven (36.8%) after evisceration and five (26.3%) before the refrigeration chamber. Campylobacter was not isolated from jowls and from scalding tank water. All isolates were C. coliand cdtnegative.Persistence of strains originating from the farm and cross contaminations during the slaughtering flowchart was identified by the analysis of the bands profiles obtained by rep-PCR.Discussion: C. coli was the species of Campylobacter present in the swine intestinal tract and in the swine slaughterhouse. The animals, once contaminated, can carry the microorganism during the stages of the slaughtering flowchart. The farm where the animals came from is an important source of contamination during processing, however cross contamination also plays a relevant role. The evisceration was considered the most critical stage, due to the greater number of isolates obtained after this procedure, what emphasize the importance of the hygienic-sanitary management in this stage. Campylobacter spp. can survive, despite not being able to multiply, in foods at refrigeration temperatures (-1 to 5°C) for one to three weeks. Therefore, the high percentage of isolates obtained from the carcass before the refrigeration chamber may represent a problem, since the contamination of the carcasses that enter in this sector can be maintained until the food reaches the consumer. There was no similarity between strains isolated from different lots, indicating that there were no persistence of strains both in the farm and in the slaughterhouse.

ABSTRACT:Staphylococcus hyicus is an important microorganism Veterinary Medicine and public health, because of its ability to cause disease in animals and humans. The present study aims to conduct a literature review to bring together the most current information about S. hyicus. Thus, the specie's characteristics, the pathogenicity factors and their occurrence in animals, food and humans were approached.KEYWORDS: pathogenicity factors; infection; intoxication. RESUMO:Staphylococcus hyicus é um micro-organismo de importância em Medicina Veterinária e saúde pública, tendo em vista sua capacidade de causar doenças em animais e seres humanos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura a fim de reunir as informações mais atuais sobre o S. hyicus. Para tanto, foram abordados: características da espécie, fatores de patogenicidade e sua ocorrência em animais, alimentos e seres humanos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: fatores de patogenicidade; infecção;intoxicação.

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