BackgroundSmoking has a detrimental effect on the symptoms and severity of asthma, a common chronic disease among adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between asthma and smoking among high school students and assess provider-patient communication with asthmatic adolescents regarding smoking and adolescents’ beliefs about the harms of smoking.MethodsIn fall 2014, data from high school students, ages 14–18 years, completing the 2009-2010 Virginia Youth Tobacco Survey (N = 1796) were used in descriptive analyses and multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for model-specific confounders as appropriate.ResultsOverall, an estimated 19 % of high school students in Virginia smoked and 16 % had asthma. Odds of smoking did not differ by asthma status; however, asthmatics had 1.5 times higher odds of being asked if they smoke (95 % CI 1.06–2.13) and being advised not to smoke by a health professional (95 % CI 1.10–2.14) compared to non-asthmatics. Asthmatics who believed second-hand smoke or smoking 1–5 cigarettes/day was not harmful had respectively 4.2 and 2.8 times higher odds of smoking than those who thought each was harmful. Further, asthmatics who thought smoking 1−2 years is safe had 3.4 times higher odds of smoking than those who did not (95 % CI 1.57–10.1).ConclusionsWhile asthmatic adolescents are just as likely to smoke as non-asthmatics, less healthy beliefs about the risks of smoking increase the odds of smoking among asthmatics. Thus, targeted asthma-specific smoking prevention and education to change attitudes and beliefs could be an effective tool for adolescents.

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic was announced by WHO in February 2020. In the Kaliningrad region, the first case (imported) was registered in early March 2020, the beginning of the epidemic increase fell on the 14th week. 2020, and the peak incidence was reached in the 22nd week of the year, after which there was a steady decrease in the number of cases. The study of population immunity was carried out at the 32nd week during the period of the lowest level of intensity of the epidemic process.Purpose of the study. Assessment of the assessment of the level of population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus among the population of the Kaliningrad region during the period of the epidemic incidence of the population of COVID-19.Materials and methods. The study was carried out as part of the first stage of the Rospotrebnadzor program to assess population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among the population of the Russian Federation. The selection of volunteers for the study was carried out by a questionnaire survey and subsequent randomization. The analysis includes the results of a survey of 2675 people. The number of volunteers in age groups ranged from 314 to 493 people. The results obtained were processed by the methods of variation statistics.Results. The results obtained showed that the average seroprevalence in the population was 50.2%, while the highest seroprevalence was found in the child age group 1-17 years (66.9%) and among persons aged 18-29 (57.0). No significant gender differences were found (men – 48,3 ± 1,6%, women – 51,1 ± 1,1%). The distribution of the proportion of seropositive people in the settlements of the region varied from 33,9% to 59.6%. The largest share of seroprevalence in the representative samples was found among people engaged in art / creativity (55,3%), the smallest – among educational workers (42,0%). Among COVID-19 convalescents, the level of humoral immunity reached 94,6%. Most of the seropositive volunteers (95,2%) did not have any symptoms of COVID-19, that is, they belonged to the category of asymptomatic carriers.Output. The results of a survey of a representative cohort of volunteers in the Kaliningrad region showed that they are characterized by a high level of population immunity, which makes it possible to expect a decrease in.

Studies of the incidence of dental diseases and pathologies in decorative and agricultural breeds of rabbits have been carried out, the most effective treatment and preventive measures have been substantiated. The article presents the results of an analysis with the statistics of the incidence of such dental pathologies as overgrowth of incisors, overgrowth of cheek teeth and uneven wear due to tooth loss, among all recorded diseases in rabbits of different age groups. The authors identified dental pathologies that occupy a significant share among all registered rabbit diseases in the Saratov region. Dental diseases appear in older animals, with the exception of the overgrowth of incisors, this pathology is often found in young individuals of decorative rabbits. Treatment of overgrowth of cheek teeth is presented in the elimination of sharp ends of teeth - hooks and thorns. Individual teeth are removed if their roots are infected and cause abscesses. Correction of cheek teeth is carried out most often for decorative rabbits for apartment maintenance. Less often, it is performed for high-yield agricultural rabbits, producers, if their pathology was not caused by a genetic predisposition, but was the result of injury or improper feeding. Simple filing of the incisors is carried out without sedation, using a secure fixation of the rabbit. If the incisors grow too quickly in the rabbit, they are extracted. The main method of preventive measures and recommendations for prevention of dental disease in a rabbit is to maintain an appropriate diet. For early detection and treatment of dental problems in rabbits, regular check-ups and dental evaluations are essential.