Introduction: Vitamin D acts on the immune system and lung response. Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) may be deficient in this vitamin. The aims of the study were to evaluate vitamin D levels and severity of lung disease in infants and preschoolers diagnosed with CF, and to compare them to a group of children without pancreatic insufficiency (PI). Methods: Patients with CF up to 4 years old were included, and compared to an agematched group of children without diagnosis of CF. CF group had medical records and High Resolution Thorax Computed Tomography (HRCCT) evaluated in order to verify the severity of lung disease. Information on demographic data, sun exposure habits, supplemental vitamin D therapy, and on the season at the time of vitamin D sampling were collected for both groups.Results: This study included 45 patients in the CF group and 102 in the non-CF group, with no differences in age (P = 0.327) between them. There was no association between vitamin D levels and markers of lung disease in the CF group. The non-CF group had lower daily sun exposure (P = 0.034), and lower supplementation than the CF group (P < 0.001). Supplementation and seasonality were the determinant variables for vitamin D levels, which were lower for non-supplemented children and for assessments during fall/winter. Conclusion:There was no association between lung disease severity and vitamin D levels in CF group. Supplementation and seasonality were associated to higher vitamin levels. K E Y W O R D Scystic fibrosis, infants and preschoolers, lung disease, neonatal screening, vitamin D

Infants, from six months until three years old, that have at least three wheezing episodes along three months time are considered wheezing babies. There are several risk factors for wheezing episodes and studying each one of them can improve treatment, control frequency and diminish severity of cases. This is a prospective and transversal study that aimed to analyse risk factors for recurrent wheezing in 49 children up to four years old. Older children or those that are exposed more than three times a week to sunlight can be protect from wheezing episodes. Having Upper Respitarory Tract Infections-URTI and "laughing or crying" as triggering factors can lead to more wheezing episodes.

Resumo Síndrome nefrótica (SN) é uma doença caracterizada pela perda de proteína do sangue pela urina, por um defeito glomerular¹. A resposta inicial ao uso da corticoterapia é parâmetro determinante na conduta terapêutica e na profundidade da investigação etiológica. Esperamos com esse estudo poder contribuir com os dados nacionais e internacionais quanto aos diferentes padrões de resposta ao tratamento da síndrome nefrótica em crianças; isso poderia ter impacto na investigação da conduta terapêutica