Findings on the hygienic assessment of working conditions in radio-electronic component development and production at a modern enterprise producing capacitors, microcircuits, resistors and semiconductor devices are reported. Working conditions of employees engaged in radio-electronic component development (developers, designers) and production (photolithographers, wiremen, radio-electronic component and semiconductor device assemblers, adjusters and quality control inspectors) were studied. Hygienic studies of the working environment and working process factors were carried out to assess working conditions: workplace noise and magnetic field levels, microclimatic parameters, illuminance, the air pollution by chemicals. Time studies were performed to evaluate the heaviness and intensity of the work process. As a result of our studies, the main adverse factors were identified to assess worker health risks. Working conditions in job groups engaged in radio electronic component design were evaluated as harmful of 3 class, 1 degree. Working process intensity caused by sensory and mental load was found to be the major adverse factor. Working conditions in the job group engaged in experimental and small-scale production are characterized by exposure to “low-intensity factors”. Visual strain and fixed working posture are common for such jobs as radio electronic device wireman and quality control inspector using optical equipment in their work, which rates the heaviness of their working process as harmful working conditions. Our findings are intended to be used to define main harmful factors for the health risk assessment of radio component production workers, to carry out a comprehensive occupational health risk assessment, identifying job and long-term employment duration risk groups, to develop risk management measures. Our findings can provide a scientific rationale and contribute to the development of a complex of hygienic and preventive medical measures to be introduced into the practice of health protection service.

Introduction: To improve the reliability of predictive models of workers’ health risk, it is necessary to take into account individual characteristics of workers, especially their age and health status. Fatigability should be used to identify and assess vulnerability of an employee to effects of external factors. Objective: To study quantitative patterns of the relationship between the health status of workers and their fatigability and vulnerability to occupational risk factors. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in 2016–2021 and involved 751 industrial workers, 750 healthcare professionals, 193 educators, and 229 public catering employees, who underwent a medical examination and a standardized medical and environmental survey at the North-West Public Health Research Center in St. Petersburg. We assessed vulnerability of employees to such occupational factors as the workload, effort-reward imbalance, noise, microclimate, air quality, and lack of free (nonworking) time. We also assessed and compared the relative risk of vulnerability for workers with/without health disorders. Results: We established increased vulnerability to occupational risk factors in the workers with chronic diseases and health deterioration observed during the previous year. Occupational factors were ranked by the criterion of vulnerability (fatigability) for those with the impaired health status. Conclusions: Health impairments of the employees revealed in the course of periodic medical examinations induce a 1.2–2.5-fold increase in the frequency of vulnerability to most occupational risk factors. Deteriorating health causes a fold increase in the frequency of vulnerability to all occupational factors considered. All workers’ health disorders under study cause a 1.3 to 12-fold increase in vulnerability to the workload.

Introduction. In the statistics of health disorders of the working population, the indicator of occupationally caused diseases dominates. An assessment of the risk of various chronic diseases depending on lifestyle (LS), environmental situation, hereditary factors and quality of medical care is given. There is a need for a more detailed study of the risks associated with lifestyle characteristics during off-hours. Objective: using the criterion of health risk, to assess the social, economic and behavioral characteristics of the lifestyle of employees. Materials and methods. One thousand four hundred and sixty eight employees were examined. 5 criteria for assessing the risk of health disorders were used: the risks of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), deterioration of health and long-term diseases throughout the year; the risks of hypertension and respiratory diseases. With the help of a questionnaire on a four-point scale, 10 lifestyle characteristics were evaluated outside of working hours. The degree and frequency of normal fatigue at work and workload were assessed - the physiological norm of hours per week. Results. For all risk criteria, mental stress (worries, troubles, anxieties, conflicts), is the most significant with contribution to the risks 5-11%. The socio-economic characteristics of the LS increase the risks of CFS, annual deterioration of health and long-term diseases by 7-10%. Lack of sleep increases the risk of CFS by 8%. A decrease in free off-duty time significantly affects the increase in the risk of CFS and hypertension (6.1% and 4.1%). The increase in the intensity of smoking increases all the risks of health disorders (respiratory diseases by 6.7%). The dependence of the LS on the workload and production fatigue has been established. Limitations. The study is limited to taking into account 10 lifestyle characteristics and 5 criteria for assessing the risk of workers’ health disorders. The disadvantages of this study include the lack of consideration of the lifestyle factor - alcohol consumption. Further studies are supposed to take into account the influence of this behavioral factor. Conclusions. The risks of various health disorders due to lifestyle characteristics have been established. The greater the workload, starting from 43 standard hours per week, the more unhealthy are most lifestyle characteristics, which in turn increase the degree and frequency of fatigue from working conditions and occupational workload.

Hygienic assessment of air pollution in workrooms for large lead-acid accumulator production is given. Studies were carried out in various conditions: in shops with outdated manufacturing equipment, after ventilation system reconstruction, and in shops with up-to-date production lines and ventilation systems. For workshop air assessment chemical analyses of air samples to detect lead and sulphuric acid aerosols were carried out at workplaces of major lead-acid accumulator production jobs. Approved techniques were used: atomic absorption to measure lead and photometric method to determine sulphuric acid concentrations in workplace air and in industrial emissions. The effectiveness of used ventilation equipment after its large-scale modernization is evaluated in accordance with current regulations. Sanitary-and-hygienic characteristics of local exhaust systems were evaluated according to economy index. Based on testing of dust-and-gas collecting plants, purification efficiency of extracted air was determined. Meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity, and air speed) in workplace areas were measured in the process of the study. The problem of further improvement of engineering decisions on removal of polluted air from workshops is still an area of current concern, as lead concentrations in workplace air remain high in spite of modifications in technological processes and various sanitary-and-engineering measures being taken.