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This article is devoted to the study of methods of forming the students' rational scientific approach to religious phenomena. Religious component is present at all levels of the Russian educational system. The religious component is included in the educational programs of secondary and higher education of different directions and levels of training in the form of an individual discipline, a structural component in social and humanitarian courses, or as an independent area of training. Religious training of students is part of the process of formation of professional competences of a university graduate. The result of religious studies is the student's ability and willingness to use the acquired knowledge, skills, and personal characteristics in professional activities, in the communication on religious issues and in the analysis of events and processes occurring in the religious sphere. Graduates with intercultural competences will be less likely to use discriminatory and exclusionary practices in their professional activities. In a global sense, the development of intercultural competences in students will contribute to the transformation of social institutions, whose activities will also be subject to the principles of inclusion, recognition of the diversity of traditions, and respect for human dignity.

Air quality in residential premises equipped with modern airtight windows and entrance doors causes public complaints. We discussed peculiarities of air quality changes in residential buildings resulting from large-scale use of window glass units, which are characterized by increased thermal resistance and high-quality insulation, used in modern residential construction. Regulatory and law documentation are analyzed. Advisability of using mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation in residential premises, as well as special inlet devices – ventilation valves, which ensure sufficient air exchange in the apartment, unlike currently used exhaust ventilation system with natural inducement, are substantiated. It is suggested to coordinate the requirements of current sanitary standards and rules for residential premises with the requirements of engineering regulatory documents.

Introduction. The modern stage of development of electronics is characterized by the widespread use of integrated circuits (IC). Assessment of working conditions in a promising, developing production of electronic components with hygienic positions is an urgent task.The aim of the study is to conduct a hygienic assessment of working conditions of workers in the main professions in the production of IC.Materials and methods. Hygienic research conducted at three modern enterprises for the production of chips and semiconductor devices, included the study of the conditions and nature of work of workers in the main professions. 215 chemical analyses for the content of harmful substances were carried out in order to assess the air environment and 270 measurements of the levels of physical factors at 18 workplaces.Results. Findings of hygienic assessment of working conditions for employees engaged in manufacture of microcircuits: operators of chemical processing, precision photolithography (PPL), diffusion processes, vacuum deposition, and IMC assemblers are reported. Based on the analysis of the technological process and the list of materials used and time-study data, the studies of workplace air pollution, sound levels, artificial lighting, microclimate parameters (temperature, humidity, air velocity), working process parameters were carried out. The jobs in which work is characterized by toxic chemicals exposure, precision visual operations using optical instruments during 55% of the shift were singled out. Priority occupational health risk factors for workers employed in modern IMC production and main areas of working environment optimization were revealed.Conclusions. Based on the conducted hygienic studies, musculoskeletal system load combined with visual strain were found to be the priority occupational health risk factors for microcircuit production workers. Manual operations taking up a significant part of the working process and introduction of automated IMC technological processes being insufficient, preventive measures should be aimed at organizing a rational working regime that provides reducing of visual strain and musculoskeletal system load.

Findings on the hygienic assessment of working conditions in radio-electronic component development and production at a modern enterprise producing capacitors, microcircuits, resistors and semiconductor devices are reported. Working conditions of employees engaged in radio-electronic component development (developers, designers) and production (photolithographers, wiremen, radio-electronic component and semiconductor device assemblers, adjusters and quality control inspectors) were studied. Hygienic studies of the working environment and working process factors were carried out to assess working conditions: workplace noise and magnetic field levels, microclimatic parameters, illuminance, the air pollution by chemicals. Time studies were performed to evaluate the heaviness and intensity of the work process. As a result of our studies, the main adverse factors were identified to assess worker health risks. Working conditions in job groups engaged in radio electronic component design were evaluated as harmful of 3 class, 1 degree. Working process intensity caused by sensory and mental load was found to be the major adverse factor. Working conditions in the job group engaged in experimental and small-scale production are characterized by exposure to “low-intensity factors”. Visual strain and fixed working posture are common for such jobs as radio electronic device wireman and quality control inspector using optical equipment in their work, which rates the heaviness of their working process as harmful working conditions. Our findings are intended to be used to define main harmful factors for the health risk assessment of radio component production workers, to carry out a comprehensive occupational health risk assessment, identifying job and long-term employment duration risk groups, to develop risk management measures. Our findings can provide a scientific rationale and contribute to the development of a complex of hygienic and preventive medical measures to be introduced into the practice of health protection service.