Currently, one of the events that are suspected to be the main cause of environmental damage is land fires, that are also a fairly routine event in Indonesia. One of the most highlighted fire issues is the fire in oil palm plantations. These fires have increased community assumptions regarding the impact of fires on ecosystems and biodiversity, including bird species diversity. The impact of the fire which was considered to have only a negative impact, led to various demands so that several palm oil industry companies were charged with paying recovery costs. There was a fire in 2015 at PT Waimusi Agroindah. The accusation that fires have only a negative impact requires further research to determine the potential recovery of bird species diversity on post-fire land, particularly in oil palm plantations. The method for estimating land restoration is to compare the diversity of bird species at 2 years after burning (2017) and 4 years after burning (2019). The observational method used was a line transect every morning and afternoon with three repetitions to inventory bird species diversity. The results showed as many as 40 species of birds found in the soil 4 years after burning, higher when compared to the land 2 years after burning found as many as 36 species of birds. This number is higher than the number of species found in unburned land by 25 species in 2017, and 36 species in 2019. The Margalef index equal to 6.11 in 2019 which increased 5.44 in 2017. Evenness index was 0.89 in in 2019 which was originally amounted to 0.83 in 2017. Overall there was a recovery in post-burnt land due to the gain of 12 species and a loss of 7 species. There are 2 species of gained bird included into protected species according to Permen LHK P N0.106 of 2018. An inncrease bird species diversity indicates the ability of the land to gradually recover.

Currently the expansion of oil palm is increasing, which at the same time creates a lot of negative responses related to environmental impacts, biodiversity loss, including birds and butterflies species diversity. Nowadays our understanding of the impacts of oil palm plantations is still based on the claim that oil palm plantations are established on primary forest land. The study aimed to estimate the impact of land cover changes, loss of biodiversity, and possible cohabitation between birds and butterflies based on baseline land type before oil palm plantation. The research was conducted at PT Tempirai Palm Resources, to be precise, in the baseline area (shrubs) and plantation areas planted with oil palm using direct and indirect observation methods. Based on research, it was known that land conversion to oil palm plantations caused changes in the number of species, and the diversity of birds and butterflies. The number of bird species in the baseline area was higher (S = 22 species, H ‘= 2.51) than in the plantation area. The number of butterfly species in the baseline area was less (0 species) than in the oil palm plantation area (5 species, H ‘= 1.56, Dmg = 2.23). In general, the increase in bird species’ biodiversity was higher (59.09%) compared to the loss. In contrast, the butterfly species was not lost. A cohabitation also occurred between birds and butterflies at the site. The study concluded that oil palm plantation not only have a negative impact but also a positive impact for biodiversity especially for bird and butterfly.­­­­

Nowadays, one of the most highlighted issues in oil palm plantations is land fire. The fire event is thought to have a negative impact on biodiversity, including birds. One of the major fires ever occurred in Indonesia in 2015. The fire also struck on PT Waimusi Agroindah, South Sumatra. The high accusation that the fire only caused a negative impact triggered a lawsuit against oil palm companies that experienced fires to pay the cost of environmental damage fines. The small number of studies conducted to determine the impact of fires on bird species diversity requires further research to determine the condition of bird species diversity after the fire, especially on oil palm plantations. The method for estimating impacts of fire is to compare species diversity between unburnt and post-burn land. While the observation method used is the line transect in the morning and afternoon with three repetitions. The results showed that there were 39 species of birds on burnt land and 36 species of birds on unburnt land. The highest type of Margalef index is shown by burnt land which is equal to 6.37 and the Evenness index is 0.90. Overall there was an increase in bird species diversity on post-burnt land because there were gains of 5 species and loss of 2 species. Changes in the composition of bird species in both land types are caused because post-burnt land has a higher feed potential. The majority of birds at the study site are insectivorous. There are 13 species of bird which is included into protected species according to the Permen LHK No. P 106 of 2018 and also CITES and IUCN status.