Current evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is predominantly spread from person to person. Aim of this narrative review is to explore transmission modality of SARS-CoV-2 to provide appropriate advice to stakeholders, in order to support the implementation of effective public health measures and protect healthcare workers that primary face the disease. "In vivo" and "in vitro" studies from laboratories and hospitals confirmed the presence of surface contamination and provided insight of SARS-CoV-2 detection in the air, particularly in indoor settings with poor ventilation where aerosol-generating procedures were performed.Measures for aerosol reduction, in conjunction with other effective infection control strategies, are needed to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in dental setting.

Please refer to the query reference callout numbers in the page proofs and respond to each by marking the necessary comments using the PDF annotation tools.Please remember illegible or unclear comments and corrections may delay publication.Many thanks for your assistance.AUTHOR: Please note that missing content in references have been updated where we have been able to match the missing elements without ambiguity against a standard citation database, to meet the reference style requirements of the journal. It is your responsibility to check and ensure that all listed references are complete and accurate. Query reference QueryRemarks 1 AUTHOR: Please check and confirm that the corresponding author and their details are correct. 2 AUTHOR: Please check and confirm the edit made in the article title. 3 AUTHOR: Please confirm that given names (blue) and surnames/family names (vermilion) have been identified correctly. 4 AUTHOR: Please verify that the linked ORCID identifiers are correct for each author.

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the interaction of a bioactive glass scaffold with cells derived from dental pulp, dental follicle and periodontal ligament.Material and MethodsImpacted third molars were surgically removed from three young donors. Cells from the dental pulp, follicle and periodontal ligament tissues were isolated and expanded. Different cell populations were characterised using specific CD markers. Expanded pulp, follicle and periodontal cells were then seeded onto bioactive glass scaffolds and cultured in osteogenic medium or basic medium. Cell attachment, viability, proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity were assessed.ResultsThis study revealed good biocompatibility of the specific bioactive glass configuration tested and the osteogenic induction of cells derived from dental pulp, dental follicle and periodontal ligament. Osteogenic medium seemed to increase the differentiation pattern and dental pulp stem cells showed the most positive results compared to periodontal ligament and dental follicle stem cells.ConclusionsDental pulp stem cells combined with a bioactive glass scaffold and exposed to osteogenic medium in vitro represent a promising combination for future study of hard tissue regeneration in the cranio-maxillofacial skeleton.

No abstract

Objectives To evaluate the proportion of COVID‐19 infections among a population of Italian Dental workers across different geographical area of Italy and to analyze the impact of both the preventive measures/strategies adopted and the psychological influences. Subjects and Methods The current cross‐sectional survey was administered with a web‐based form. To be eligible for the study, participants had to be 18 years and being dentists or dental hygienists members of the Italian Society of Periodontology and Implantology (SIdP). A 23‐item questionnaire concerning positiveness to COVID‐19, clinical strategies and psychological attitude within the pandemic was administered. Sub‐group analysis was conducted according to geographical macro‐area. Results A total of 790 dentists and dental hygienists were included. A total of 4.7% participants developed a positive diagnosis to COVID‐19. The Northwest of Italy experienced almost double of COVID‐19‐positive participants (p < 0.05). Preoperatory mouthwashes together with natural air change/ventilation were the most frequent approaches used to prevent COVID‐19 outbreak. Positive and proactive attitudes were predominant among participants. Only a reduced proportion feels some concerns for the future. Conclusions Prevalence of positive COVID‐19 among dental workers in Italy was double in Northwest area in comparison with the whole country proportion. Preventive strategies comprise mainly ultrasound reduction and preoperative mouthwashes.