R. Carrillo, J. Guerrero, M. Rodríguez, and C. Meriño-Gergichevich. 2015. Colonization of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) plantlets by ericoid mycorrhizae under nursery conditions. Cien. Inv. Agr. 42(3): 365-374. The ericoid mycorrhiza is a symbiotic interaction that contributes to the improvement of the establishment and production of blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). The objectives of this paper were to assess the frequency (%) and intensity (%) of the colonization and growth of blueberry plantlets inoculated with ericoid mycorrhizae collected from three different edaphoclimatic conditions in the La Araucanía region of southern Chile under nursery conditions. Plantlets of three blueberry cultivars ("Brigitta", "Duke" and "Legacy") were grown under nursery conditions in sterile peat moss and a vermiculite substrate with fresh ericoid mycorrhizae propagules from Gaultheria pumila (collected in Villarrica National Park), Azalea sp., (from an urban garden in Temuco) or V. corymbosum cv. "Brigitta" (from an organic farm in Temuco). After six months, the development of hyphae characteristic of ericoid micorrhizal fungi was identified in root cells. The frequency and intensity of colonization was greater in the "Duke" cv. given the inoculum derived from V. corymbosum, followed by the "Brigitta" and "Legacy" cultivars treated with inoculum from the G. pumila inoculum. Colonization was lowest in those plants treated with the Azalea sp. inoculum. Contact between the inoculum sources and the fine roots of the micro-propagated blueberry plantlets under nursery conditions for six months was an effective method to promote mycorrhization. However, the development of mycorrhizae did not enhance the growth of the three blueberry cultivars during the evaluation period. The possibility of selecting ericoid inocula from site-specific conditions in southern Chile may eventually be used to support the micro-propagation of blueberry plantlets during acclimation and planting, assuming that mycorrhizal plants will improve conditions for establishment in the field.
SUMMARYThe objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of concentration and components of the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium on in vitro germination of Ugni molinae. Two tests were performed; in the first one, different concentrations of the MS medium were used (full-strength MS, ½ MS, ¼ MS, ⅛ MS and MS free). In the second experiment, one of the component was excluded (macro salts, micro salts or vitamins). A tetrazolium test was performed to assess viability. After the first two weeks of sowing, all treatments started germination, which was ascending until approximately 20 days, and then a slowdown was observed, which remained stable between days 40 and 60. All treatments containing any concentration of MS presented lower germination than that presented by the MS free medium, as the media containing some of its components, especially macro salts. The tetrazolium test showed 87 % of viability of the seeds: the maximum germination was 42%, which showed a strong latency. Germination of U. molinae is affected by the presence of the MS medium salts. Based on these results the use of only water and agar are recommended as the in vitro germination medium.Key words: Myrtaceae, tissue culture, MS medium, murtilla, viability. RESUMENEl objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la concentración y los componentes del medio Murashige y Skoog (MS) sobre la germinación in vitro de Ugni molinae. Para ello se realizaron dos ensayos, en el primero, se utilizaron distintas concentraciones del medio MS (MS completo, ½ MS, ¼ MS, ⅛ MS y sin MS) y, en el segundo, se excluyó uno de sus componentes (macrosales, microsales o vitaminas). La viabilidad se determinó mediante la prueba de tetrazolio. Después de las dos primeras semanas de siembra, todos los tratamientos iniciaron la germinación, la que fue en aumento hasta aproximadamente los 20 días, luego se observó una desaceleración hasta mantenerse estable entre los 40 a 60 días. Todos los medios de cultivo que contenían alguna concentración de MS obtuvieron una germinación más baja que el medio sin MS, como también los medios que contenían algunos de sus componentes, especialmente macrosales. La prueba de tetrazolio determinó un 87 % de viabilidad en las semillas en tanto que la germinación máxima alcanzada fue de 42 % lo que evidenció una fuerte latencia. La germinación de U. molinae es muy sensible a la presencia de sales del medio MS razón por la cual se aconseja solo el uso de agua y agar como medio de germinación in vitro.Palabras clave: mirtáceas, cultivo de tejidos, medio MS, murtilla, viabilidad. INTRODUCCIÓNLa murtilla (Ugni molinae Turcz.) es un arbusto endé-mico de Chile, perteneciente a la familia de las mirtáceas. La planta posee tanto un sistema de propagación sexual como vegetativo lo que le proporciona una gran flexibilidad a su establecimiento y perpetuación. Las semillas se diseminan en forma endozoica, en ambiente natural germina después de cinco semanas entre los meses de octubre a diciembre y su germinación es baja respecto a otras mirtáceas (Figue...
0,05). No se encontraron diferencias (p>0,05) en la producción de materia seca. El contenido de proteína fue 14% superior (p≤0,05) en U. europaeus y L. albus respecto del testigo. El nivel de NPK en el suelo fue mayor en U. europaeus. El aumento de materia verde y proteína en B. vulgaris var. Cicla, así como de NPK en el suelo, avalan el uso de U. europaeus como abono verde.]]>
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