In mechanized tunneling, the performance of segmental tunnel lining segments is closely bound to the longitudinal joint design. The guiding local effect is partial area strip loading with predominantly plane load distribution. Current normative standards only inadequately cover this case, which leads to an underestimation of the actual bearing capacities and thus offers considerable optimization potential. A hybrid material concept is proposed to improve the joints' performance, which is based on the results of robust combined trusscontinuum topology optimization. It combines high‐performance steel fiber reinforced concrete in the area of load application with conventional materials used for the remaining regions. A relocation of the gasket to the segments' center proves to provide better protection, and a double hinge neck leads to a more efficient load transfer. The effects of these measures on the structural performance are analyzed experimentally and compared against conventional designs. The results show pronounced increases in bearing capacities by using hybrid reinforcements and provide a quantification of optimization based design modifications.
Stresses for concrete elements under partial area strip loading are limited to 1.1-times the concrete compressive strength. In case of particularly small load application areas like at wall supports or segmental tunnel lining longitudinal joints this limitation may be governing the design. Additional load increases due to steel reinforcement confinement are not taken into account. This contribution presents various experimental series on large-scale reinforced concrete specimens conducted at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) and the Ruhr University Bochum (RUB). It is shown that splitting reinforcements with stiff anchorage (e.g. welded ladders) show distinct load-bearing capacity increases. Moreover, disregarding the demand for geometric affinity of load application and distribution areas facilitates a more precise estimation of load increase factors. Based upon the experiments and supplemental data from literature, practical design approaches are derived. They distinguish between high-and low-deformation capabilities of the rebar anchorage and-to the most extent-allow pronouncedly increased contact pressures compared to current design approaches. K E Y W O R D S mechanized tunneling, partial area loading, plane load distribution, precast concrete, segmental tunnel lining, splitting, welded reinforcement
Bei Teilflächenbelastungen werden Druckkräfte teilflächig in Betonbauteile eingeleitet. Für unbewehrte und konventionell mit Betonstahl bewehrte Betone existieren diesbezüglich bereits zahlreiche Untersuchungen, die das Tragverhalten unter Teilflächenbelastung beschreiben. Durch die Tendenz zu höheren Betonfestigkeiten und dem zunehmend weit verbreiteten Einsatz von Stahlfasern in den letzten Jahren wird es notwendig, auch das Verhalten von hochfestem Stahlfaserbeton unter Teilflächenbelastung zu eruieren.
Der Beitrag beschreibt Versuche an hochfestem Stahlfaserbeton unter Teilflächenbelastung mit räumlicher und ebener Lastausbreitung. Dabei wurden unterschiedliche Flächenverhältnisse und Betone mit verschiedenen Fasertypen und ‐gehalten sowie Fasercocktails einbezogen. Auf Grundlage der Versuchsergebnisse wird ein Berechnungsansatz für die maximal aufnehmbare Teilflächenspannung vorgeschlagen. Es wird gezeigt, dass durch den Bezug auf die Biegezugfestigkeit, anstatt wie bei bekannten Berechnungsansätzen auf die Druckfestigkeit, eine deutlich genauere Berechnung der maximal aufnehmbaren Teilflächenspannung von hochfestem Stahlfaserbeton möglich ist.
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