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Subjects who were placed in darkness for a week but who were otherwise exposed to a normal and varied sensory environment showed an increase in tactual acuity and in sensitivity to heat and pain. This cutaneous supersensitivity was still present several days after the termination of visual deprivation.

Measurement theories in psychology may be classified in terms of whether they begin from a general measurement framework or from a specific area of measurement. Points of contact between theories and different specific measurement areas have been limited by the choice of focus in discussions of general measurement theories and specific theories or models. This presentation outlines a metatheoretical framework that begins with the obvious common factor in all areas, the standard system of measurement. Just as a standard is a commonly accepted unit of measurement, a standard system is a commonly accepted mechanism of measurement for a given area. The concept of a standard system amplifies general definitions of measurement and clarifies metatheoretical statements concerning the requirements for measurement. Differences between measurement situations may be categorized by the type of standard system used and by features of the attribute measured. Identification of different standard systems and elements of the measurement process provides a focus for comparisons between measurement theories and models in different measurement situations. Index terms: applied measurement models, comparison of measurement models, definition of measurement, measurement process, measurement theory, metatheoretical framework for applied measurement models, standard systems of measurement. Measurement theories attempt to explain how and under what circumstances it is possible to use numbers to represent information about magnitudes of attributes. Two types of theories can be identified, depending on the generality of the discussion. Some measurement theorists have focused on the general case, such as Campbell (1928), Ellis (1966), ~itchell (1986), Stevens (1951), and Suppes and Zinnes (1963), while others have dealt with

Studies reviewed in this article are grouped under the areas of response problems, dynamic determinants, individual differences, clinical studies, reduction of movement, and theories of autokinesis (AK). Much of the work to date is concerned with the demonstration of various "suggestion effects" without regard to the basis of residual AK. Determinants of AK are many and varied but little can be said about their relative potencies. Although a modified version of the Gregory-Zangwill model may serve well, there is presently no single theory of AK which accounts for all the data. Further developments in the theory and control of AK hinge upon the sedulous development of improved techniques for measuring AK. Three criteria for measuring AK are offered.

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