Studies on impoliteness have encompassed a wide range of social relations and scenarios, including some in which the means for achieving impoliteness is solely, or at least, more saliently linguistic. Among these scenarios, Digital Communication (DC) media, such as Twitter and blogs may incite linguistic manifestations of impoliteness. Since hashtags are ubiquitous in the interpersonal spaces of Twitter, the aim of this study is to investigate how hashtags were used to express offensive behavior and to convey impoliteness in the Brazilian Twitter. We compiled a corpus of 512 hashtags extracted from Brazilian Twitter in 2017 and 2018. Hashtags were manually collected from Twitter ‘trending topics’, and from 3 media sources, written in Brazilian Portuguese. Hashtags associated with offense, including derogatory language, taboo words and mockery were analyzed. Our findings suggest that hashtags served as strategies of impoliteness, since they intensified the contents of the tweets and framed the interpretation of verbal aggressiveness. While they did that, they also helped maximize face attacks in that they inscribed the tweets in a bounded communicative sphere of aggressiveness, mockery and derogatory language. Verbal attacks were mainly intended to politicians and to Brazilian public figures in general. While this permissiveness allowed for greater spontaneity and agility in the exchanges, it also encouraged outrageous uses, which would not be otherwise accomplished were it not for the transient and ephemeral framework of DC. This study shed light on the Pragmatics of DC, showing how ‘new’ features of the medium can be used to convey impoliteness.
It is known that adult learners of English as an additional language (EAL) have difficulty in producing inflectional morphemes such as the third person present singular -s and regular past -ed. One possible explanation is that bilinguals are not sensitive to inflectional morphemes, in comprehension tasks as evidenced by longer latencies at critical positions in reaction time experiments, when compared to native controls. Having the above in mind, the objective of this paper is to investigate if in fact Brazilian EAL bilinguals are sensitive to regular past morphology in a self-paced reading task. Sentences varied on the use or absence of inflectional morphemes. The statistical analysis showed that EAL speakers are not sensitive to past morphology. The results are discussed in light of Distributed Morphology and of previous studies on production and processing of inflectional morphemes in EAL. KEYWORDS: Bilingual processing; self-paced reading; inflectional morphology; Distributed Morphology RESUMO : É sabido que bilíngues do inglês como língua adicional (L2) têm dificuldade com a produção de morfemas flexionais, tais como -s da terceira pessoa singular do presente, e -ed de passado regular. Uma possível explicação 1 This study is part of a PhD Dissertation supervised by Dr. Ricardo de Souza and Dr. Maria Luiza Cunha Lima.RBLA, Belo Horizonte, v. 17, n.3, p. 2017 484 estaria na insensibilidade dos aprendizes em relação à presença dos morfemas flexionais, mostrado por latências maiores em experimentos de tempo de reação, quando comparados a latências de nativos. Tendo isto em vista, o objetivo deste estudo é investigar se bilíngues brasileiros são sensíveis ao morfema de passado em um experimento de leitura auto-cadenciada. A análise estatística dos resultados mostrou que bilíngues não são sensíveis ao morfema de passado. Os resultados são discutidos à luz da teoria de Morfologia Distribuída e de estudos anteriores sobre produção e processamento morfológico na L2.
The aim of this paper is twofold: to shed light on the production of paper abstracts from the point of view of their macrostructure, and to discuss the use of nominalizations as instances of grammatical metaphors in this text genre. In order to do so, we will fi rst discuss the principles underlying academic writing (AW), in the a empt to associate them to successful communication in this fi eld. We also showcase a few samples of classroom activities, aimed at illustrating how some of the principles related to abstract writing can be put into practice. With respect to the instances of grammatical metaphors, we call a ention to their signifi cance to the academic domain, functioning as topic initiators, and, most importantly, as powerful strategies for successful scientifi c writing.KEYWORDS: academic writing; abstract production; grammatical metaphors RESUMO: O objetivo deste artigo é duplo: lançar luz sobre a produção de resumos de trabalhos científi cos, pelo ponto de vista da sua macroestrutura; e discutir o uso de nominalizações como instâncias de metáforas gramaticais presentes nestes textos. Para isso, discutimos, primeiramente, os princípios subjacentes à escrita acadêmica, numa tentativa de associá-los à comunicação bem sucedida nesse campo. Apresentamos, em seguida, alguns exemplos de atividades de sala de aula, com o objetivo de ilustrar como alguns dos princípios relacionados com a escrita de resumos podem ser postos em prática. Com respeito às instâncias de metáforas gramaticais, chamamos a atenção para seu signifi cado como características inerentes à escrita científi ca, podendo funcionar como iniciadores de tópicos e, principalmente, como importantes estratégias para uma comunicação científi ca bem sucedida.
À luz da Pragmática Linguística (BROWN and LEVINSON, 1987; LEECH, 1983, HAUGH, 2013), o objetivo deste estudo é analisar as atividades de produção oral, apresentadas nos livros didáticos em inglês (LDs), aceitos no PNLD (Programa Nacional do Livro Didático) em 2016 e em 2018. Após a análise qualitativa dos dados, nossos resultados indicaram dois tipos de atividades predominantes: troca de informações e troca de opinião, que cumpriram parcialmente os requisitos do PNLD sobre a produção oral. Propomos diretrizes para a preparação e/ou para a adpatação de material didático, com base na Pragmática Linguística e na nas estratégias de polidez.
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