In this study, films from cassava starch and rosemary oil were prepared by using the casting method. Glycerol was used as plasticizer and tween 80 as surfactant. The influence of Cassava starch (Cs), Rosemary oil (Ro), Surfactant (Sf) concentrations and Thickness of film (Tf) on the mechanical, optical, and barrier properties of cassava starch films was studied applying the Response Surface Methodology. The response variables were optimized by using second order polynomial models with satisfactory fit and coefficient of determination (R 2 ) values (> 81%). The optimized conditions with the goal of maximizing mechanical properties and minimizing barrier and optical properties and desirability function (0.9796) were Cs = 3 g/100 g solution, Ro = 4 g/100 g Cs, Sf = 69 g/100 g Ro and Tf = 0.05 ± 0.001 mm. The films produced under these conditions displayed high mechanical strength (16.7 MPa), young´s modulus (2911.4 MPa), low elongation at break (0.2%), low water vapor transmission (0.8 × 10 −14 g/Pa s m), low solubility (33.24%), and low opacity (16%). These results provided good mechanical, barrier, and optical properties, compared to films based on other starch resources.
The extended use of acrylic bone cements (ABC) in orthopedics presents some disadvantages related to the generation of high temperatures during methyl methacrylate polymerization, thermal tissue necrosis, and low mechanical properties. Both weaknesses cause an increase in costs for the health system and a decrease in the patient’s quality of life due to the prosthesis’s loosening. Materials such as graphene oxide (GO) have a reinforcing effect on ABC’s mechanical and setting properties. This article shows for the first time the interactions present between the factors sonication time and GO percentage in the liquid phase, together with the percentage of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) in the solid phase, on the mechanical and setting properties established for cements in the ISO 5833-02 standard. Optimization of the factors using a completely randomized experimental design with a factorial structure resulted in selecting nine combinations that presented an increase in compression, flexion, and the setting time and decreased the maximum temperature reached during the polymerization. All of these characteristics are desirable for improving the clinical performance of cement. Those containing 0.3 wt.% of GO were highlighted from the selected formulations because all the possible combinations of the studied factors generate desirable properties for the ABC.
En este artículo se presentan los resultados experimentales de caracterización y evaluación puzolánica del material volcánico de Puracé (MVP). El MVP fue analizado mediante microscopia electrónica de barrido, fluorescencia de rayos X, difracción de rayos X, petrografía de secciones delgadas, análisis termo-gravimétricos, entre otros. La evaluación de la reactividad puzolánica fue evaluada por medio del Índice de Actividad Puzolánica y el ensayo de Frattini. Además, se evaluó el efecto de la incorporación del MVP en la resistencia a compresión de morteros donde el cemento Portland fue remplazado por MVP en un rango del 0 a 40%. Los resultados demostraron que el MVP presenta todas las características para ser considerada una puzolana natural y su porcentaje óptimo de incorporación se encuentra alrededor del 20%.
El empleo de diferentes materiales cementicios suplementarios (MCS) en la elaboración de concretos autocompactantes (CACs) es una práctica cada vez más frecuente. En este artículo se presentan resultados de una investigación acerca de la utilización del residuo de mampostería (RM) como MCS. El material se caracterizó utilizando la prueba de Frattini, índice de actividad de resistencia y termogravimetría. La influencia del RM en las propiedades del CAC se evaluó reemplazando el cemento Portland en porcentajes de 0 a 50% en volumen. Las propiedades en estado fresco de los CAC se evaluaron mediante los ensayos de flujo de asentamiento con cono de Abrams, caja en L y embudo en V. Los resultados muestran que el RM presenta actividad puzolánica y puede ser empleado como MCS. El CAC elaborado con RM presentó buen comportamiento en términos de autocompactabilidad; sin embargo, el RM, al presentar baja reactividad a edades tempranas, mostró disminución en la resistencia a la compresión en forma directamente proporcional al porcentaje de reemplazo.
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