Анотація. Стаття пов'язана з теоретичним аналізом розуміння та тлумачення поняття життєвої кризи в психологічні науці. Констатується, що в психології існують різні визначення поняття життєвої кризи, її особливостей, форм і етапів її переживання та подолання. Зазначено, що за суттю життєва криза, як глибоке переживання людиною стану неможливості продовжувати звичне життя, пов'язаного з необхідністю переоцінки колишніх життєвих цінностей і сенсу, є постійною складовою життя людини, джерелом розвитку та самовдосконалення, самореалізації.

It is concluded that the study of the basics of speech therapy is necessary for all staff of preschool institutions in order to timely notice the language disorder of preschool children and quickly and efficiently overcome it. This will contribute to the better assimilation of knowledge by the child, the manifestation of his creative abilities, adaptation in society, optimization of mental development of the child as a whole.

The article analyses theoretically the concept of psychological safety as it is understood in psychology and presents the empirical study of students-future psychologists’ feeling of psychological safety in terms of their propensity to risk and their psychological hardiness as a prerequisite for a personal ability to resist danger. It is stated that the problem of an individual’s psychological safety in the situation of quarantine isolation and COVID-2019 pandemic is especially actual, even comes to the fore and requires thorough analysis and careful study in the context of the current objective situation in Ukraine and the world. The need for safety and protection from various threats is an individual’s fundamental need, further self-development and self-realization depend on its satisfaction; but an average person begins to realize this fact only after losing a sense of psychological safety. In scientific sources, psychological safety is more often seen as a means helping achieve / obtain something desired instead of understanding it as a goal. The interpretations of psychological safety, its structure, levels and factors supporting it presented by different scientists and its relation to informational-psychological security are analyzed. After the performed review of scientific psychological literature, the phenomenon of psychological safety was generalized as a complex, integral dynamic phenomenon; an individual’s state and feeling of being protected from external and internal threats; controllability of life events; an individual’s confidence in their ability to resist possible and existing threats; satisfaction of an individual’s basic needs and life as a whole for the further development and self-realization. We understand psychological safety as an individual’s sense of security in a safe world and a willingness to protect and restore that feeling when needed, resulting in the individual’s satisfaction with life. It is concluded that the studied students’ individual psychological hardiness with its components and the components of their sense of safety were not sufficiently developed. However, we can assume that psychological safety is more often experienced by people with developed psychological hardiness and its components: commitment to life; control over things happening in life, in particular, in stressful situations, and risk acceptance as a life challenge, as a result of which an individual can learn valuable life lessons helping them to become wiser for further self-realization.

The article deals with the theoretical analysis and empirical research of psychological features of the phenomenon of communicative tolerance in the conditions of quarantine isolation. Different understandings of the concept of tolerance / communicative tolerance and its structure by scientists in the scientific psychological literature are considered. It was found that most scientists, analyzing the meaning of the concept of "communicative tolerance", often describe it as: personal characteristic; attitude to another person and the corresponding behavior of a person in the communication process. And in the structure of communicative tolerance they more often distinguish cognitive, affective and behavioral components, or offer a list of qualities of a tolerant personality. The understanding of communicative tolerance as a sophisticated complex holistic psychological phenomenon based on person’s communicative experience, their morality, inner culture and upbringing, as well as on the development of such personal traits as: benevolence, politeness, sociability, empathy, courtesy, moderation, on tendency to solve existing problems through cooperation, agreements and taking into account the interests of both sides of the communication – is generalized. It is stated that in the attempts of modern scientists to understand and explain the concept of tolerance in communication, we can distinguish two main approaches: linguistic and psychological, – which are partially opposed to each other. The first is by emphasizing that "communicative tolerance" is purely communicative category because it manifests itself in communication, and the second is by arguing that communicative tolerance is a complex and multifaceted mental phenomenon. It is noted that in the word combination "communicative tolerance" the concept of "communicative" – is ​​just an attribute of the main word – "tolerance", emphasizing its psychological understanding. Peculiarities of development and manifestation of communicative tolerance in first- and second-year students, future psychologists, for whom it is a professionally important quality, was studied. It was found that respondents mainly tend to show the competent position in communication and to comprehensive accept other people, but the degree of their tolerance in communication was insufficient, because they could not hide their own negative emotions and communicative experience; may show indisputability, aggression or cruelty to the interlocutor; aspire to change him by fiting to their own image; didn’t want to get closer to another person on an emotional basis for the sake of effective communication. The correlations between the indicators of the techniques of diagnostics of communicative tolerance and other methods, the existence of which confirms the sophisticated, complexity and multifaceted nature of the phenomenon of communicative tolerance; factors that discover the hidden behind the correlation of the reasons for intolerance of respondents in communication and the ineffectiveness of its results are analyzed. It is concluded that tolerant communication is based on the conscious acceptance of another person's individuality; the desire to listen, to understand her, without suppressing the freedom of her expression and without aspire to change in her own way; the wish to communicate sincerely and openly, showing kindness and respect to human dignity and restrain possible negative feelings; on the desire to cooperate in order to avoid conflicts and achieve successful, effective and efficient communication.