Enterprises are in constant search for additional sources of financing their activities and increasing the liquidity of their balance. One of these methods is the classification of non-current assets as held for sale, which causes changes in the structure of assets of the company, affects its liquidity and solvency. At the same time, users of information should be sure of the reality of such operations for the classification of non-current assets. It is important to avoid manipulating balance sheets and artificially enhancing their liquidity by changing the structure of assets. The results of a study of the impact of operations on classification of non-current assets as held for sale on the liquidity of the company's balance sheet are presented in this article. The impact of non-current assets held for sale on liquidity is shown separately provided that they are included in the groups of fast-selling assets and slow-selling assets. The impact of such groupings on the liquidity indicators is shown by means of coefficient analysis. The nature and level of the impact of non-current assets held for sale on the liquidity of the balance sheet is identified by modelling a consistent change in their volume relative to the value of non-current assets and capital of the company. For the purpose of effective asset management, the optimal indicator of non-current assets held for sale in the company's balance sheet has been proposed, which avoids the risk of lowering the productivity of the existing equipment while ensuring the release of financial resources due to the sale of assets.
УДК 657 М. М. Шигун доктор економічних наук, професор, завідувач кафедри обліку і оподаткування ДВНЗ "Київський національний економічний університет імені Вадима Гетьмана", Київ, Україна, shygun@ukr.net ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1660-9534 КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ЗМІНИ В БУХГАЛТЕРСЬКОМУ ОБЛІКУ ПІД ВПЛИВОМ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ БІЗНЕСУ Анотація. Система бухгалтерського обліку як основа прийняття економічних рішень не може залишатись осторонь глобальних трансформацій та повинна гнучко реагувати на нові інформаційні потреби внутрішніх і зовнішніх користувачів та адаптуватися до них. У статті розкрито характер впливу окремих цілей сталого розвитку на зміну ролі бухгалтерського обліку в процесах управління стійкістю бізнесу. Виявлено суперечності та невирішені питання стосовно окреслених цінностей, цілепокладання й бачення глобальних і міжнародних організацій у частині підходів до підготовки звітної інформації з розкриттям показників сталості для потреб стейкхолдерів. Наведено перелік новацій у обліковій практиці, що забезпечать підготовку звітності нових форматів для цілей сталого розвитку. Увагу зосереджено на необхідності докорінної зміни мислення власників бізнесу, менеджерів і всіх задіяних фахівців, включаючи бухгалтерів компаній, та його орієнтації на сталий розвиток. Обґрунтовано потребу у створенні в організаціях спеціалізованих підрозділів на базі бухгалтерської служби для підготовки звітності інтегрованого формату, фахівці яких мають залучатися до процесів прийняття рішень щодо сталого розвитку бізнесу. Ключові слова: концепція сталого розвитку, глобальні цілі, звіт зі сталого розвитку, інтегрована звітність, звіт керівництва, глобальні принципи управлінського обліку, стратегічний управлінський облік. Рис. 2. Літ. 24.Abstract. The article reveals the nature of the impact of sustainable development goals on changing the role of accounting in the management of sustainable business development. The existing contradictions and unresolved issues in established missions, goalsetting and visions of global and international organizations are revealed in the approaches to preparing Sustainability Reporting for stakeholders. Signs of over-regulation of the preparation of sustainability reporting are disclosed. Due to the fact that various reporting formats for public sustainability reporting are used by companies, such reporting becomes incomparable. It is impossible to identify the criteria for defining non-financial indicators in the Sustainability Reporting and integrated reporting, which increases the risk of data unreliability. In particular, the IIRC's conflict of objectives (follow-up to sustainable development VS the value creation of the organization) is shown. The
Providing a fiscal function, tax calculations are one of the key processes in the activities of enterprises. A study of the practice of using modern software products for accounting automation showed that even powerful decision support systems such as SAP cannot provide ease, efficiency and clarity of conducting business operations in compliance with historically established tax laws and accounting procedures. At the same time, VAT calculations are the most laborious, since they significantly depend on the peculiarities of the tax legislation of each country. The article reveals the key directions for improving the process of making calculations for VAT using the SAP ERP system. Taking into account practical experience, the main difficulties in complying with the regulatory requirements of Ukrainian legislation in accounting of business transactions in SAP ERP are highlighted. The features of tracking the first event in VAT-related transactions with the display of accounting procedures on the example of product sales were disclosed, taking into account the technical features of the information system. The methodological and technical reasons for the impossibility of full automation of tracking the first event were shown, based on the practice of Ukrainian enterprises. The standard process for calculating a tax credit for VAT in the SAP ERP system was outlined. It was determined that the existing procedures not only meet the requirements of the current legislation, but also provide significant efficiency in the rapid achievement of correct reporting indicators. To expand the automation of the accounting process, authors' substantiated recommendations were provided, some of which were implemented in the SAP program, in particular, the mass creation of accounting documents in the system and the assignment of status for electronic tax documents in individual cases determined by the current regulatory framework.
Calculations for taxes and payments are one of the key areas of accounting and the object of tax control and audit at any enterprise. The interaction of tax inspectors and auditors and their relations with tax-paying enterprises within the framework of their inspection are insufficiently regulated by law. The article is devoted to disclosing the procedures and features of the legislative regulation of tax audit in the system of interaction of taxpayers, control bodies and audit companies. To emphasize the existing features of tax audit carried out by independent audit firms and tax audit carried out by fiscal authorities, the authors use two definitions: tax audit and tax control. Taking into account the differences between the tax audit and tax control, it is recommended to legislate the concept of tax audit and tax consulting services at the level of normative legal acts in the field of audit activity. Based on the data of the conducted survey of accountants, the reasons for fines and VAT surcharges were revealed. The model of the relationship between taxpayers, subjects of audit activity and tax authorities is substantiated and described. Applying this model will increase the quality of independent audit and tax control and the trust of stakeholders in the financial and tax reporting of enterprises. In addition, it will reduce the financial risks to taxpayers and society's costs for maintaining the tax control system. Within the framework of this model, under certain circumstances, tax authorities can get acquainted with the results of audits by independent auditors drawn up in a separate document in the part of tax calculations. Quality control of an independent tax audit can be carried out by the Body of Public Supervision of Auditing Activities or the Audit Chamber of Ukraine within the framework of general quality control of audit services and indirectly by tax authorities during a tax control. Accordingly, the interaction between these subjects can create additional opportunities to strengthen the quality control of auditing activities as a whole.
Марія Шигун-доктор економічних наук, , професор кафедри обліку підприємницької діяльності ДВНЗ «Київський національний економічний університет імені Вадима Гетьмана» 1 Структура та об'єкти внутрішнього контролю як складника системи економічної безпеки підприємства Обґрунтовано зміни в структурі системи внутрішнього контролю з урахуванням її участі в процесах забезпечення економічної безпеки суб'єкта господарювання. Розглянуто можливі обмеження внутрішнього контролю, пов'язані з проявом відповідних видів ризику, розширено вимоги до фахівців служби внутрішнього контролю для їхньої роботи з ризиками діяльності. Визначено коло об'єктів внутрішнього контролю як складової частини системи економічної безпеки підприємства. Ключові слова: економічна безпека, безпека діяльності підприємства, внутрішній контроль, суб'єкти внутрішнього контролю, об'єкти внутрішнього контролю.
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