Viewed historically, for a thorough understanding of the development of pedagogical concepts it is necessary to study all important contextual elements that have contributed to the achievement of certain conditions under which educational work with students occurred, and to study all the qualitative components that lie at the essence of this pedagogical process.This paper examines the interdependence of pedagogical movements and classroom environment for the elementary education in the European historical context. The authors' analysis of historical trends in the development of pedagogical ideas and movements has identified two influential currents, in which implications related to the origins and final form of the highlighted school architecture in Europe have been analyzed.The key finding of this study is that, given the different socio-cultural circumstances, the level of development of the classroom in Europe is conditioned primarily by the continuity and quality of perception of pedagogical movements, as related to the appropriate environment in which the pedagogical process is to be implemented.

REZIME Aplikacija pesticida u voćarstvu je od izuzetne važnosti jer proizvod iz višegodišnjeg zasada korisnici konzumiraju direktno bez ikakvog sprovedenog postupka obrade. Osim što se aplikacija pesticide sprovodi radi kontrolisanja populacije štetočina, isto tako iga značajnu ulogu od zaostalih produkata stanovnika čiji je jabuka domaćin. Visoka norma tretiranja može imati ozbiljne posledice po efikasnost aplikacije isto kao i vetar koji utiče na drift al ii količina depozita zbog ostataka pesticide. U radu je prikazano ispitivanje orošivača pri hemijskom tretmanu zasada jabuke. Zabeležen je očigledan uticaj bočnog vetra koji je doprineo driftu a takođe i radni pritisak. Visok radni pritisak po pravilu utiče na formiranje sitnijih kapljica koje su sklone driftu. Na vertikalnu depoziciju pesticida dodatno utiče i vazdušna struja. Jačina vazdušne struje utiče na vertikalnu raspodelu radne tečnosti.

Contemporary housing in the Republic of Serbia is significantly influenced by political and social changes, at the end of XX and the beginning of XXI century. Drastic increase of poverty, as a consequence of these changes, reflected on housing market. Reduction of apartment size, and lower construction quality were primary methods of reducing apartment cost. These cost reduction strategies induced numerous problems in the exploitation of apartments. In the last few years the attempts were made to regulate housing market by new legislation. This paper analyses compatibility of existing housing units, constructed in this period, with new Standard. The objective of the paper is to determine the extent of deviation of from new legislative in order to evaluate the need for the reconstruction as well as for potential correction of the Standard.

Architectural forming in the Moderne movement lies, or rather stems from the function, that is, from the structure bulk, whose composition dictates volumetry which is the principal characteristics of a structure. It can be stated that this simplified definition of architectural forming in the Niš Moderne is only partially true, because many other factors influenced forming and creation of the Niš Moderne. The very introduction states that until 30's of the last century, the prevailing styles and directions in Serbian Moderne, and by virtue of this, in Niš, were classicistic pseudo styles, national romantic architecture based on Serbian-Byzantine style, as well as folk architecture. Many authors leading the Moderne in Serbia and Niš, often designed at the beginning of their careers in some of the mentioned styles or combined them, so that the influence of these styles and directions was felt for a very long time in their designing opus. Often, the investors' wishes to add an element or two on the façade in order to make it "more beautiful and richer" left its mark -the majority of Moderne buildings in Serbia and Niš are a sort of compromise resulting from this struggle between old styles, investors' preferences and architects' aspirations to something new.

The topic of this paper is the functional and design characteristics of multifamily (formerly collective) residential buildings created in the post-war period of Modern architecture of Nis. For the post-war period of intensive and mass construction of residential buildings, a time classification of constructed buildings was performed, and they are classified into two categories. The first category includes buildings built in the 1950s, in the period of the ?mature? Modern architecture, which is a continuation of modern architecture of Nis between the two world wars. The second category consists of residential buildings created in the late 1960s and 1970s, in the period of the late (industrial) Modern architecture of Nis. In this paper, two representative examples of residential and commercial buildings from the mentioned periods were selected, both built on the 14. Oktobar square, in the central core of the city of Nis. As typological representatives of the mentioned periodizations of construction, the buildings will be analyzed in the form of two case studies.