Background At present no widely accepted classification exists for the maxillectomy defect suitable for surgeons and prosthodontists. An acceptable classification that describes the defect and indicates the likely functional and aesthetic outcome is needed. Methods The classification is made on the basis of the assessment of 45 consecutive maxillectomy patients derived prospectively from the database (September 1992) and retrospectively from 1989. Results The classification of the vertical component is as follows: Class 1, maxillectomy without an oro‐antral fistula; Class 2, low maxillectomy (not including orbital floor or contents); Class 3, high maxillectomy (involving orbital contents); and Class 4, radical maxillectomy (includes orbital exenteration); Classes 2 to 4 are qualified by adding the letter a, b, or c. The horizontal or palatal component is classified as follows: a, unilateral alveolar maxillectomy; b, bilateral alveolar maxillectomy; and c, total alveolar maxillary resection. Conclusion This practical classification attempts to relate the likely aesthetic and functional outcomes of a maxillectomy to the method of rehabilitation. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 22: 17–26, 2000.

Abstract. In this paper we provide an account of the property-led boom and bust which has brought Ireland to the point of bankruptcy. Our account details the pivotal role which neoliberal policy played in guiding the course of the country's recent history, but also heightens awareness of the how the Irish case might, in turn, instruct and illuminate mappings and explanations of neoliberalism's concrete histories and geographies. To this end, we begin by scrutinising the terms and conditions under which the Irish state might usefully be regarded as neoliberal. Attention is then given to uncovering the causes of the Irish property bubble, the housing oversupply it created, and the proposed solution to this oversupply. In the conclusion we draw attention to the contributions which our case study might make to the wider literature of critical human geographies of neoliberalism, forwarding three concepts which emerge from the Irish story which may have wider resonance, and might constitute a useful fl eshing out of theoretical framings of concrete and particular neoliberalisms: path amplifi cation, neoliberalism's topologies and topographies, and accumulation by repossession.

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This paper explores intersections between political economy and nature in the so-called Tiger economies that have risen to prominence since the 1960s. Whilst Tiger states are in many ways emblematic of the extremes of late capitalism, they are nevertheless characterized by socio-natural environments that are distinctive, both in terms of the political and economic interests that have underpinned them and their rates of production. Whilst produced under a distinctive set of capitalist social relations, the dialectical reading offered herein chooses to foreground the agency that socio-nature itself possesses in relation to prevalent class interests. This agency is conceptualized in terms of a series of cultural wars over transformed nature. Using a theoretically provocative case study that examines the politics of waste management in Ireland, the paper argues that in reflecting upon the role of such culture wars in the constitution of dominant social relations in Tiger states, the concepts of scalar strategies and struggles over scale may prove useful. Whilst social contests over the scaling of governance have tended thus far to focus upon the dialectical relations between scale and political economy, the paper argues that ecological projects too are fundamentally produced by and implicated in the structuration of scale. In calling for dialogue between political ecological studies and recent work in geography that has sought to theorize scale as a social process, the paper hopes to contribute towards the development of a political ecology of Tiger states. Since the overwhelming mass of human social metabolism with nature is now conducted through capitalist relations of production, circulation, and consumption, it is the theoretical analysis of these forms that demands the most urgent attention. (Benton 2000, 93) The relationship between scalar structuration and other forms of socio-spatial structuration under capitalism may be explored most fruitfully through contextually specific yet theoretically self reflexive investigations. (Brenner 2001, 605) key words IntroductionConcomitant with the rise to prominence of political ecology approaches within geography has been a growing interest in the excavation of the historical geography of the socio-natural environments that have marked the capitalist mode of production (Smith 1984; Castree 1995; Harvey 1996; Swyngedouw 1996 Swyngedouw 1999 prominence since the 1960s, this paper is interested in exploring the intersections between political economy and nature that have characterized one particularly influential model of capitalist development. Whilst Tiger states are in many ways emblematic of the extremes of late capitalism, this paper will attempt to show that both in terms of the processes underlying, and the rates of production of, socio-nature, they are indeed unique.Governed under a 'developmental' state model and inspired by export-oriented industrialization, Tiger states have managed to secure incredibly rapid integration into the world economy. Accompa...

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