A stress-induced mRNA was identified in the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. Treatment of the fungus with ethanol resulted in the induction of a major mRNA species encoding a protein of approximate Mr 37,000. A full-length cDNA clone of the induced message was obtained. RNA blot analysis indicated that the mRNA was induced by various other stresses, including treatment with copper(II) chloride and heat (37 degrees C). However, it was not greatly induced by treatment with phaseollinisoflavan, an antifungal isoflavonoid produced by Phaseolus vulgaris (French bean). In contrast, phaseollinisoflavan induced the homologous mRNA in the related bean pathogen Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli. A genomic clone of the F. solani f. sp. phaseoli gene was obtained, and both this and the cDNA clone from F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum were sequenced. The latter indicated an open reading frame of 320 codons encoding a 34,556-dalton polypeptide. The corresponding reading frame in F. solani f. sp. phaseoli was 324 codons, 89% identical to the F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerium sequence, and was interrupted by a short intron. The gene was designated sti35 (stress-inducible mRNA). Although computer homology searches were negative, the cloned gene was observed to cross-hybridize to DNAs of other filamentous fungi, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and soybean. Thus, sti35 appears to be a common gene among a variety of eucaryotes.

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Incisional atrial reentrant tachycardias are macroreentrant arrhythmias in which surgical scars or prosthetic material constitute one of the constraining barriers of the circuit. Accurate reconstruction based on fluoroscopy-guided endocardial mapping of the reentrant circuit is often incomplete and time consuming explaining, at least in part, the modest long-term results of this technique. Mapping and ablation of these arrhythmias using a three-dimensional nonfluoroscopic mapping system that allows electroanatomic reconstruction of the reentrant circuit could help in identifying the ablation targets and improve long-term outcome. The study included 20 patients (12 men, mean age 45+/-18 years) with corrected congenital heart disease (4 patients), coronary artery bypass surgery (7 patients), mitral or aortic valve replacement or reconstruction (6 patients), valve replacement and coronary revascularization (2 patients), and mitral valve replacement with maze procedure for atrial fibrillation (1 patient). Endocardial mapping with this novel system was complemented by standard electrophysiological techniques used to identify a critical isthmus of conduction. Two or more nonconductive areas of atrial tissue or surgical prosthetic material delimiting a critical isthmus of conduction were identified in every patient. Radiofrequency linear applications spanning two to more boundaries successfully eliminated the tachycardia in every patient. At a follow-up of 11.5+/-5.1 months (range 17-5 months), two (10%) patients developed a new clinical arrhythmia. The remaining 18 had no recurrences off medical therapy. Mean fluoroscopy time was 45.7+/-15.2 minutes for patients with a single scar and 89+/-41.2 minutes in patients with two or more scars. In conclusions, this new nonfluoroscopic mapping system offers the opportunity to achieve a high rate of cure of complex macroreentrant atrial tachycardias by facilitating reconstruction of the macroreentrant circuit and its boundaries.