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Safety and health, although typically joined into one function, often conflict in their demand for attention. Safety experts usually focus on the acute results of a single event, whereas health experts look at the less-visible, long-term chronic effects. Ergonomics, by virtue of its connection to both safety and health aspects, provides an opportunity to combine the two in working towards a common goal. Previous studies have shown that ergonomic reviews on field operations can lead to significant benefit to worker health and safety. Building on those studies, a series of detailed field audits were performed on pressure pumping and coiled-tubing operations. A resulting remedial work plan was proposed and is being implemented. One of the key findings was that there is no systematic involvement of ergonomic and industrial design experts in mobile equipment engineering and development. This weakness extends into the sustaining of legacy equipment and field modifications. Results of this include lost-time injuries and illnesses, their associated costs, lack of compliance with regulatory requirements, and general inadequate service delivery. This paper will propose a methodology for the practical involvement of ergonomics in mobile pumping and coiledtubing equipment and operations as part of an overall Quality Management System.Results of the implementation of this methodology on injuries and illnesses will only become apparent over time. Of course, several factors other than the equipment design come into play in injury and illness prevention. However, engineered solutions to the equipment will reduce the overall risk inherent in pressure pumping and coiled-tubing operations. Implementing a systematic involvement of ergonomic principles through the proposed methodology will identify what reasonable engineered solutions are available and should be implemented.

This paper presents the requirements that led to the successful implementation of a subsea hydraulic hammer for installation of conductors offshore Brazil.The Parque das Conchas development required conductors both for wells and for the two Artificial Lift Manifolds (ALM). For the 36 inch well conductors it was important that the conductors were installed off the rig critical path and for the 48 inch ALM conductors the critical issue was the accuracy of the conductor height for subsequent manifold placement. The solution was to install the respective conductors using a subsea hammer deployed from an Anchor Handling Vessel (AHV).The ALM templates were transported offshore vertically on the AHV's A-frame, submerged and rotated to a horizontal position, and deployed to the seafloor. Once the templates were correctly positioned, the well and ALM conductors were transported offshore on a specially outfitted barge. The conductors were launched from the barge while connected by a line to the anchor handler. Then they were lowered and allowed to self-penetrate into the seabed. Once all the conductors were installed, they were hammered to depth using a subsea hydraulic hammer. Both ALM templates were placed accurately in position within 1.5 deg heading and 0.5 m in the horizontal plane and all conductors were successfully installed within verticality and height tolerances.The campaign included many industry firsts, in water depths ranging between 1650 and 1920m in relatively harsh metocean conditions. The industry firsts include:• Vertical template transportation/insertion through water plane followed by horizontal lowering from AHV • Deepwater hydraulic hammer spread deployed and operated from AHV • A new depth record (1920 m water depth) for deepwater hammering. With the installations in Brazil the operating envelope of deepwater conductor installation with a hydraulic hammer has been significantly increased and provides a viable alternative to conductor installations with a deepwater drilling rig.

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