Advances in pharmacotherapy as well as device therapy in common cardiovascular diseases, especially implementation of rapid coronary reperfusion as a key management strategy in acute ischemic disease, improved overall survival. Yet, this success contributes to increased number of patients susceptible to heart failure development due to damaged myocardium. Although survival after heart failure diagnosis has improved over time, the death rate remains high: ≈50% of people diagnosed with this disease will die within 5 years. Thus, not only there is a space for novel concepts and strategies in the treatment of symptomatic heart failure, but also they are urgently needed. The mechanisms underlying the development of heart failure are multiple, complex, and not well understood. However, regardless of the cause of heart failure, or whether its presentation is acute or chronic, altered mitochondrial function/bioenergetics appears to play a substantial role in its pathophysiology. As such, the mitochondria are potentially promising, but still underused, target for new HF therapies. This review will focus on changes that occur in the mitochondria of failing myocardium, as well as on targets and approaches that suggest potential therapeutic effect in this ominous disease.
u Beogradu; 2 Klinika za kardiologiju, KCS; 3 Institut za medicinsku fiziologiju Medicinskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu; 4 Institut za tuberkulozu i bolesti pluća, KCS;
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is defined by hemodynamic and pathophysiological changes of increased resting mean pulmonary arterial pressure ≥ 25mmHg estimated by right heart catheterisation. Case report: We describe a 44-year-old woman who presented for evaluation 13 years after being diagnosed with primary pulmonary hypertension. Over that extended period of time, she did not develop any changes in her coronary or pulmonary vascular measurements as documented by repeat catheterization. She did not have signs of systemic connective tissue disease. Throughout this time, she was managed with continuous medical treatment of low-doses of a Ca-channel antagonist (nifedipine 10mg twice per day) along with oral anticoagulant therapy. Her ongoing complaints were of fatigue when engaged in heavy physical activity, but there was no progression of symptoms. She also occasionally felt symptoms of increased heart rate and syncope. Auscultation revealed a systolic murmur along the left parasternal edge and an accented second sound of the pulmonary artery. Electrocardiography showed sinus rhythm and incomplete right bundle branch block. Echocardiography was consistent with signs of pulmonary hypertension. Conclusion: A small number of patients with pulmonary hypertension have a good prognosis with treatment with modest doses of calcium blockers as seen in our patient who has had a stable course of disease for many years.
Datum odbrane:Rad na jednoj naučnoj studiji predstavlja sublimaciju vrednovanja naučne ideje, naučne pretrage, naučne saradnje sa kolegama i, konačno, izrade i uobličenja jedne originalne naučne celine.Moj doktorski rad, od ideje koju sam prihvatio kao naučni izazov, preko praktičnog rada sa saradnicima u ehokardiografskom kabinetu i kabinetu za ergospirometriju, uz razumevanje i dobru saradnju sa pacijentima, rezultat je višegodišnjeg pravog i dobrog timskog rada.Posebno izdvajam zahvalnost mom mentoru, Prof. dr Bosiljki Vujisić-Tešić, na velikoj podršci, pomoći, savetima i razumevanju, kao i ukazanom poverenju u mene lično i u ishod ovog rada.Veliku zahvalnost dugujem Svetlani Bojić koja se u potpunosti posvetila statističkoj obradi i koja je i sama ovu doktorsku disertaciju doživela kao izazov.Iskreno se zahvaljujem mojim stalnim saradnicama, medicinskim sestrama, bez čije pomoći rad sa pacijentima, i u okviru toga na ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji, nije bio moguć.Dugujem zahvalnost kolegama sa kardiologije, posebno kolegama sa odseka neinvazivne i invazivne kardiološke dijagnostike, koji su i sami prolazili, prolaze ili će prolaziti kroz ovakve izazove.Zahvaljujem se mojim naučnim saradnicima i kolegama sa "Mayo" klinike (Ročester, USA), na provokativnim razgovorima, razmeni mišljenja i sugestijama, a posebno se zahvaljujem mom dragom prijatelju i učitelju Prof. dr Marc Callahanu. angiogramom. Zbog toga, za očekivati je da bi zamena aortnog zaliska pre pojave simptoma i disfunkcije LK bila od koristi, ali još uvek nema dovoljno urađenih prospektivnih studija koje bi ovu pretpostavku i potvrdile. Najčešće korišćeni Doppler-ehokardiografski parametri, poput srednjeg gradijenta pritiska (P srednje ) i maksimalne brzine protoka (V max ) su neophodni u određivanju težine AS, ali su manje korisni u predikciji ishoda, pojave simptoma i određivanju optimalnog vremena za zamenu zaliska kod asimptomatskih pacijenata. Novi ehokardiografski parametri, poput valvulo-arterijalne impedance (Z va ), i indeksa gubitka energije (ELI) su predloženi kao alternativa, ali još uvek nema dovoljno longitudinalnih-prospektivnih studija koje bi potvrdile njihovu korisnost. Primena dobutaminskog testa (DSE) u asimptomatskoj AS je obećavajuća, s obzirom na činjenicu da je većina Doppler-ehokardiografskih parametara koji se koriste u proceni AS zavisna od količine protoka preko aortne valvule. Farmakološki indukovano povećanje protoka moglo bi biti od pomoći u utvrđivanju težine AS, otkrivanju latentnih simptoma, proceni funkcije sistolne funkcije LK kod pacijenata sa očuvanom ejekcionom frakcijom u miru (EF) i, najvažnije, donošenju optimalnih kliničkih odluka.Ciljevi ove doktorske disertacije bili su da se definišu ehokardiografski parametri koji mogu da indentifikuju pacijente sa povećanim rizikom da dobiju neželjeni kardiovaskularni događaj u jednogodišnjem vremenskom intervalu, kao i da se utvrdi prediktivni značaj promene sistolnih i dijastolnih parametara LK tokom DSE testa kod asimptomatskih pacijenata sa umerenom i tesnom AS i očuv...
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