The poor chemical quality of water, especially in arid and semiarid regions, almost always precludes the practice of irrigated agriculture, thus demanding the adoption of techniques that mitigate the deleterious effects of excess salt on soil and plants. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of nitrogen fertilization in mitigating the negative effects of excess salt in irrigation water on the growth of yellow passion fruit seedlings grown in a greenhouse in plastic tubes containing 0.65 dm3 of substrate. The treatments were organized in randomized blocks, in accordance with a 5 × 3 factorial scheme – five electrical conductivities of irrigation water (0.3, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 dS m?1) combined with three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (no nitrogen fertilization and 150 mg dm?3 of N derived from either ammonium sulfate or urea). Evaluations were performed 80 days after sowing and consisted of measuring the seedling height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf nitrogen content, leaf concentration of chlorophyll a and b and total chlorophyll, specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, and Dickson quality index. An increase in the electrical conductivity of irrigation water hindered the production of yellow passion fruit seedlings. Nitrogen fertilization, with urea or ammonium sulfate, mitigated the effects of irrigation water salinity and favored the growth and quality of yellow passion fruit seedlings. Yellow passion fruit seedlings with a minimum quality standard (DQI) can be produced with irrigation water with salinity of 1.8 dS m?1, which means they can be considered as moderately sensitive. The higher quality provided by nitrogen to the yellow passion fruit seedlings made them more tolerant to salinity, allowing the use of water with salinity of 2.1 and 2.5 dS m?1 under fertilization with ammonium sulfate and urea, respectively.
The lack of good quality water for agriculture purposes regarding salts and quantity in relation to demand for the plants has, for more than 30 years, been forcing the use of restrictive water because of salinity issues in agricultural production systems worldwide. In Brazil, the situation is no different, in the semi-arid areas, there are reports of losses of seed germination, initial growth of seedlings and yield of crops of commercial importance due to the salinity of the water used in irrigation systems. Therefore, an experiment was carried out from June to September/2014 in a protected environment, with a plastic film on the upper base and a thin screen against insects on the sides, to evaluate the effects of salinity interaction between water irrigation and nitrogen fertilisation sources on soil salinity, initial plant growth and the quality of the jackfruit seedlings. The treatments were distributed in randomised blocks, in the factorial scheme 5 × 3, reference irrigation water of 0.3, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 dS m -1 , in soil with and without ammonium sulfate and urea. An increase in the salinity of the irrigation water to 1.32 and 1.70 dS m -1 on the substrate without nitrogen stimulated an increase in the number of leaves and leaf area of the jackfruit seedlings. The ammonium sulfate was the nitrogen source that mainly contributed to the increase of soil salinity and to the reduction of the quality index of the seedlings. Despite the reduction of the Dickson quality index due to the salinity of the irrigation water and the nitrogen sources, the seedlings were suitable for cultivation. Key words: Artocarpus heterophyllus, water salinity, nitrogen fertilisers. ResumoA falta de água de boa qualidade para fins agrícola em relação aos sais e quantidade em relação à demanda pelas plantas tem, há mais de 30 anos, forçado o uso de água restritiva por problemas de salinidade em sistemas de produção agrícola em todo o mundo. No Brasil, a situação não é diferente; nas áreas semiáridas, há relatos de perdas de germinação de sementes, crescimento inicial de mudas e rendimento de culturas de importância comercial devido à salinidade da água utilizada em sistemas de irrigação. Assim, foi realizado um experimento de junho a setembro de 2014 em ambiente protegido, com filme plástico na base superior e tela fina nas laterais contra insetos, para avaliar os efeitos da interação salinidade entre irrigação e fontes de fertilização nitrogenada na salinidade do solo, crescimento inicial da planta e qualidade das mudas de jaqueira. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos casualizados, no esquema fatorial 5 × 3, referente às água de irrigação de 0,3; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 dS m -1 , em solo com e sem sulfato de amônio e ureia. O aumento na salinidade da água de irrigação para 1,32 e 1,70 dS m -1 no substrato sem nitrogênio estimulou aumento no número de folhas e área foliar das plântulas de jaqueira. O sulfato de amônio foi à fonte de nitrogênio que mais contribuiu para o aumento da salinidade do solo e para a redução ...
ÁGUA SALINA E BIOFERTILIZANTE DE ESTERCO BOVINO NA FORMAÇÃO E QUALIDADE DE MUDAS DE MARACUJAZEIRO AMARELO SHERLY APARECIDA DA SILVA MEDEIROS1; LOURIVAL FERREIRA CAVALCANTE2; MARLENE ALEXANDRINA FERREIRA BEZERRA1; JOSÉ ADEILSON MEDEIROS DO NASCIMENTO3; FRANCISCO THIAGO COELHO BEZERRA4 E STELLA DA SILVA PRAZERES5 1Doutoranda PPGA/CCA/UFPB, email: sherly.agro@hotmail.com; marlene_agro@hotmail.com2Professor do PPGA/CCA/UFPB e Pesquisador do INCTSal, Fortaleza, CE. E-mail: lofeca@cca.ufpb.br3 Professor Dr. IFCE/ Tianguá - CE. Email: adeilsonagro@bol.com.br4Doutorando do PPGA/CCA/UFPB, Areia-PB. Email: bezerra‑ftc@yahoo.com.br5 Doutoranda do PPGCS/CCA/UFPB, Areia-PB. Email: stella_prazeres@hotmail.com 1 RESUMO No período de janeiro a março de 2013, um experimento foi conduzido, em estufa telada do Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia-PB, Brasil, para avaliar os efeitos da salinidade da água de irrigação e esterco líquido fermentado de bovino na formação e qualidade de mudas de maracujazeiro amarelo. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, adotando o esquema fatorial 2 x 5 x 2, referente a dois genótipos de maracujazeiro amarelo (genótipo local tradicionalmente cultivado na cidade de Nova Floresta Paraíba, conhecido por Guinezinho e o genótipo BRS Gigante Amarelo), cinco níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação de 0,3; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 dS m-1, no solo sem e com esterco líquido fermentado de bovino. As variáveis analisadas foram índice de velocidade de emergência, emergência, altura, diâmetro caulinar, área foliar, massa seca da raiz e da parte aérea das mudas e índice de qualidade de Dickson. O biofertilizante líquido de bovino proporcionou a formação de mudas de qualidade adequada ao plantio, em ambos os genótipos de maracujazeiro amarelo, comparadas às obtidas no solo sem o respectivo insumo, independentemente do nível de salinidade das águas de irrigação. Palavras-chave: Passiflora edulis, estresse salino, insumo orgânico. MEDEIROS, S.A.S; CAVALCANTE, L.F.; BEZERRA, M.A.F.; NASCIMENTO, J.A. M.; BEZERRA, F.T.C; PRAZERES, S.S.SALINE WATER AND BOVINE MANURE BIOFERTILIZER IN THE FORMATION AND QUALITY OF YELLOW PASSION FRUIT SEEDLINGS 2 ABSTRACT During the period of January to March 2013, an experiment was carried out in greenhouse conditions at the Agrarian Sciences Centre, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia municipality, Paraíba State, Brazil, in order to evaluate the effects of irrigation water salinity and liquid fermented cattle manure during formation and quality of yellow passion fruit seedlings. The experimental design was in randomized blocks adopting a factorial design 2 x 5 x 2 referring to two genotypes of yellow passion fruit (Local genotype known as Guinezinho and BRS Yellow Giant genotype), five levels of water salinity irrigation of 0.3; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0 dS m-1 in soil with and without fermented liquid cattle manure. The variables analyzed were emergency speed index, emergency, plants height, stalk diameter, root dry mass and shoot, leaf area, and Dickson quality index. The liquid cattle biofertilizer provided the formation of seedlings with suitable quality for plantation, in both passion fruit genotypes compared to those obtained on the substrate without biofertilizer, regardless of the salinity of irrigation water. Keywords: Passiflora edulis, salt stress, organic input.
Bovine manure biofertilizers can exert physical, chemical, and biological effects on the soil and the phytoprotective, physiological, and productive actions in horticultural crops. The literature review was performed to compile information on the production, uses, and effects of bovine manure biofertilizers on soil properties and plants. Biofertilizers are produced by organic components, minerals, and inoculants. Among the organic sources, the bovine manure is the most used. The fermentation of the bovine manure in water constitutes the Vairo biofertilizer, the most employed in Brazilian horticulture. With the chemical enrichment of this preparation came the Supermagro, Agrobio, and Agrobom biofertilizers. In the soil, it can act in the improvement of soil fertility, physical properties, and in the diversity and abundance of the biota. Also, it can act in control of pests and diseases, leaf composition concerning macro and micronutrients, and in the production and post-harvest quality of horticultural crops. Therefore, this review describes the preparation, chemical composition, and utilization of bovine manure biofertilizers in both soil and plants, offering perspectives of research on the formulations, application, and effects of these inputs on horticultural species.
A aplicação de biofertilizantes de esterco fresco de gado bovino pode atenuar os efeitos negativos do excesso de sais na germinação das sementes e crescimento inicial das plantas. Nessa direção, foi desenvolvido um experimento em abrigo telado do Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, município de Areia-PB, para avaliar os efeitos de biofertilizantes durante a formação de mudas de maracujazeiro amarelo irrigadas com água salina. Os tratamentos foram organizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 x 5, referente à salinidade da água de irrigação (0,43 e 4,5 dS m<sup>-1</sup>), no substrato sem e com biofertilizantes (comum e quimicamente enriquecido) nas concentrações de 0,0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 e 10,0%, diluído em água não salina. As épocas de aplicação dos biofertilizantes foram uma dia antes da semeadura e aos 15, 22, 29 e 36 dias após a emergência das plântulas (DAE), em um volume de 250 mL por aplicação. Foi adotado o delineamento de blocos casualizados com cinco repetições. Aos 60 DAE avaliaram-se o crescimento em diâmetro caulinar e altura da haste principal, número de folhas e área foliar, biomassa seca das raízes, caule e folhas. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p ≤ 0,05). Os biofertilizantes nas concentrações utilizadas não inibiram a ação degenerativa do aumento da salinidade da água no crescimento em diâmetro do caule, altura da haste principal e na formação de biomassa das raízes, caule e folhas das mudas de maracujazeiro amarelo.
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