The pandemic situation shifted the learning process from offline to online. It challenges the students in English learning, especially in learning their speaking ability. However, the students manipulated the strategies by utilizing online platforms or mobile phone applications accordingly to their learning experience. This study investigates students' language learning strategies and how the strategy is applied in learning speaking ability. The case study was carried out in a senior high school. The respondents are 64, who were chosen purposively to be involved in this study. The instruments of data collection were conducted by questionnaire and interview under Strategy Inventory for Language Learning. The results showed that 63 (95%) of students applied metacognitive strategies in the form of centering learning process, arranging, and planning learning strategies. Moreover, 61 or 91% of students used practicing, receiving, and sending messages of group cognitive strategies to motivate them to practice their speaking ability during online learning. Furthermore, less than 80% of social, memory, affective, and compensation. It recommended that the teacher be a facilitator by providing a good stimulus for the students to motivate themselves to be self-regulated

Abstract. Suryani, Al Anshory AC, Marlin, Artika IM, Ambarsari L, Nurcholis W. 2022. Variability total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Curcuma zanthorrhiza and C. aeruginosa cultivated in three different locations in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1998-2003. Curcuma zanthorrhiza Roxb. and C. aeruginosa Roxb. are medicinal plants belonging to the Zingiberaceae family, which contained phenolic compounds. Phenolic is one of the antioxidant compounds. This study aimed to investigate variation on the total phenolic and antioxidant activity of three C. zanthorrhiza varieties and twenty C. aeruginosa genotypes cultivated in three different locations in West Java, Indonesia. Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, whereas antioxidant activity was used spectrophotometry using DPPH method. The total phenolic content ranged from 2.403 to 7.539 mg GAE/ g DW) differed significantly among the C. zanthorrhiza and C. aeruginosa varieties/genotypes, with the highest concentration found in the Cursina 3 variety of C. zanthorrhiza in Cianjur. The antioxidant activity ranged from 2.443 to 14.960 µmol TE/g DW, with the maximum activity identified in the Cursina 2 variety of C. zanthorrhiza in the Bogor location. G1, G6, G13, and G16 were identified as stable genotypes for phenolic antioxidant production. Three C. zanthorrhiza cultivars demonstrated higher total phenolic content and antioxidant activity than all C. aeruginosa genotypes in all planting areas. C. zanthorrhiza cultivars are the most promising source of phenolic content and antioxidant activity and are thus recommended for mass plantation at suitable locations in West Java, Indonesia to maximize potential.

Shallot plants have variations in morphological and flowering characters.  Flowering ability can be induced by the treatment of gibberellic acid (GA3) and exposing to cold temperature (vernalization). The objectives of the research were to determine the effect of GA3 and vernalization on the morphological and flowering characters of 5 shallot varieties. Field study was organized in a completely randomized block design with three replications to evaluate the responses of 5 varieties of shallots (Bauji, Bima Brebes, Super Philip, Tajuk, and Thailand) to GA3 with the concentrations ranged from zero to 150 mg L-1. Plants were maintained for 65 days until harvesting. The second study was organized in a completely randomized design with 3 replications to evaluate the responses of the five varieties of shallot to vernalization.  The vernalization of shallot bulbs were done at 8 o C for 6 weeks. The results indicated that a Super Phillip variety showed the highest response to GA3 observed in the number of leaves and bulbs.  At 100 mg L-1 of GA3 increased the plant height up to 45.74 cm.  The results from the second study showed that vernalization was effective to increase flowering only on the Ilokos variety. But the other varieties were not sensitive to vernalization.  Based on morphological and flowering characters, 5 varieties of shallots were clustered into 3 groups, namely: sensitive flowering included Bentanis, Bma Brebes and Tajuk variety, medium sensitive flowering included Ilokos variety, and non-sensitive flowering included Sumenep variety.

The community empowerment in the area of Ar-Rahmah pesantren, Air Meles Atas Village, Rejang Lebong Regency, Bengkulu was intended to increase the income of pesantren to finance poor students, and at the same time to enhance the ability of pesantren in carrying out educational and teaching activities. Community service activities carried out in the form of assistance activities in shallot cultivation in the yard of the Ar-Rahmah Pesantren. The assistance program is carried out for 4 months, with such stage of activities as: the preparation stage for managers, teachers, students and farmers around the pesantren, seed selection, land preparation, planting, maintenance, harvesting, and post-harvest. The evaluation result showed that the community participation and involvement in the shallot cultivation assisting program were considered high. The highest participation rates were during the selection of seed activity (73%) and planting activity (100%). Meanwhile, the lowest participation rate was during maintenance activities (27%). The evaluation results showed the level of participants’ satisfaction is high (90‒100%) on the implementation of assistance activities. The harvested shallots could increase the income of the boarding school which can be used to help the education cost and education progress of the boarding school. The participation of the entire community would be encouraged so that the success of empowerment program could be felt by the entire community. The community empowerment program need to be carried out continuously, so it would enhance the welfare of and self-sufficiency of the community.

[APPLICATION OF LEAF FERTILIZER TO INCREASE THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr)]. Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr) is a potential medicinal plant and required improved growth and yield through the application of appropriate fertilizers. This study aimed to increase the growth and yield of bawang Dayak by determining the optimum concentration and time interval of foliar fertilizer application. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design factorial. The first factor was the concentration of foliar fertilizer, consisting of 0,1, 2, and 3 g/L. The second factor was interval application of foliar fertilizer, consisting of every day, every 3 days, every 6 days, and every 9 days. The results showed that bawang Dayak did not show a significant response to foliar fertilizers. However, there was an interaction between the concentration and interval of foliar fertilizer application which had a significantly different effect on plant height. The highest plant height occurred at intervals of 3-day foliar fertilizer application with a concentration of 3 g/L. The concentration of foliar fertilizer had a significant effect on the variables of plant height, bulb fresh weight, as well as the bulb numbers. All concentrations of foliar fertilizer (0-3 g/L), and time intervals of foliar fertilizer application (1-9 days) affected the same growth and yield response of Bawang Dayak.