Does high precision have to result in highly defined slick forms? Marta Malé‐Alemany and Jordi Portell of the FABbots research studio describe their unique approach that relies on the customisation of existing mechanical devices and the use of locally available materials. Though exacting in their execution of machine code, they maintain a delight in the natural characteristics of materials that are shaped with a ‘soft tolerance’.

Following the introduction of parametric design into the contemporary digital architectural scene, this paper exposes its principals as well as some of its major potentialities that emerge from its use in the discipline. It is argued that parametric design is a technique that embraces the concept of "convergence" in multiple dimensions. Through this explanation this paper intends also to highlight the relevance of the integration of this technique in architectural education. Student's projects are described to illustrate some of the concepts.

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Wood is an increasingly demanded renewable resource and an important raw material for construction and materials. Demands are rising, with a growing attention for re-use and upcycling. This opens opportunities for new business models, empowered by the use of digital design and technologies. A KPI-framework has thus been developed to assess the impact of waste wood upcycling, to provide new business perspectives. It is conceived as a tool to enable circular businesses to select the most appropriate circular wood applications for their portfolio. The framework currently consists of eight indicators addressing circularity, environment, society and economics. This paper presents these indicators and shares insights for further development and enhancement of the framework.

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