Introducción: La seguridad del paciente en unidades de vigilancia intensiva, con terapia renal sustitutiva intermitente, está influenciada por diversos factores: los inherentes al paciente, humanos y técnicos. Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo y principales incidencias presentes en la práctica clínica, que interfieren en la seguridad del paciente al que se le realiza terapia sustantiva renal intermitente. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de 413 sesiones de terapia sustitutiva renal intermitente. Se obtuvieron datos demográficos, clínicos, complicaciones clínicas, técnicas, controles de monitores, medidas correctivas y factores de riesgo relacionados con las enfermeras mediante un cuestionario de experteza en diálisis. Resultados: 413 sesiones; (52,1%) hemodiálisis intermitente. Edad media 65 años; 78,7% sexo masculino; motivo de ingreso shock séptico (35,1%).Incidencias: error en la asignación de la modalidad (33,2%), pautas sin actualizar (30,5%), disfunción del acceso vascular (15,7%). Complicaciones clínicas: 47,6 en hemodiálisis intermitente, destacando hipotensión en 41,2%.Complicaciones técnicas en el 37,7% de las sesiones, coagulación total o parcial del circuito extracorpóreo (16,7%). Relacionados con el personal: falta de un programa estandarizado de formación (57,1%), variabilidad de personal (81%) y no asistencia a la capacitación programada (52,4%). Conclusión: La seguridad del paciente con terapia sustitución renal en unidades de vigilancia intensiva, es un proceso multifactorial: relacionados con aspectos no modificables (asociados al paciente), incidencias durante el procedimiento y complicaciones. Aunque no se produjeron efectos adversos mayores en la evolución clínica del paciente, éstos son considerados potenciales y algunos previsibles, controlables y evitables.
Background The number of frail patients of advanced age with end-stage chronic kidney disease (ESKD) undergoing hemodialysis is increasing globally. Here we evaluated a frailty screening program of ESKD patients starting hemodialysis, and subsequent multidisciplinary interventions. Methods This was a prospective observational study of ESKD patients in a hemodialysis program. Patients were evaluated for frailty (Fried frail phenotype) before and after a 12-month period. Patients followed standard clinical practice at our hospital, which included assessment and multidisciplinary interventions for nutritional (malnutrition-inflammation score [MIS]; protein-energy wasting), physical (short physical performance battery [SPPB]), and psychological status. Results A total of 167 patients (mean age, 67.8 ± 15.4 years) were screened for frailty, and 108 completed the program. At screening, 27.9% of the patients were frail, 40.0% pre-frail, and 32.1% non-frail. Nutritional interventions (enrichment, oral nutritional supplements, intradialytic parenteral nutrition) resulted in stable nutritional status for most frail and pre-frail patients after 12 months. Patients following recommendations for intradialytic, home-based, or combined physical exercise presented improved or stable in SPPB scores after 12 months, compared with those that did not follow recommendations, especially in the frail and pre-frail population (p = 0.025). A rate of 0.05 falls/patient/year was observed. More than 60% of frail patients presented high scores of sadness and anxiety. Conclusions Frailty screening, together with coordinated interventions by nutritionists, physiotherapists, psychologists, and nurses, preserved the health status of ESKD patients starting hemodialysis. Frailty assessment helped advising patients on individual nutritional, physical or psychological needs.
Introducción: El incremento en la inclusión de personas de edad avanzada a los programas de hemodiálisis se relaciona con un aumento de la prevalencia de fragilidad, considerada predictora de discapacidad y asociada a eventos adversos de salud. Dado su carácter reversible, es importante hacer un cribaje para mejorar la práctica clínica. Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de fragilidad y estado funcional del paciente en nuestra unidad de hemodiálisis y analizar las diferencias entre diabéticos y no diabéticos. Material y Método: Estudio observacional de corte transversal. La fragilidad se midió utilizando el fenotipo de Fried y la valoración funcional mediante las escalas Barthel, Lawton, Downton y la Short Physical Performance Battery. Se evaluó comorbilidad y riesgo de caídas con las escalas Charlson y Downton respectivamente. Se comparó entre grupos de diabéticos y no diabéticos y se analizó la relación entre la fragilidad y la edad, dependencia, comorbilidad y riesgo de caídas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 128 pacientes. El 45% tenían Diabetes. Los pacientes con diabetes tenían una edad media mayor que los no diabéticos (74,2±11 vs 67,8±15 años) y mayor comorbilidad (Charlson 8,2±2,2 vs 5,8±2,4). El 25% de los pacientes presentaron fragilidad, observando una tendencia que sugirió mayor fragilidad, peor capacidad funcional y mayor grado de dependencia en los pacientes diabéticos, aunque de forma no significativa. Conclusiones: Una cuarta parte de la población estudiada presenta fragilidad, con una tendencia más acusada a padecerla los pacientes diabéticos, que podría estar relacionada con mayor edad, mayor comorbilidad y menor capacidad funcional que los no diabéticos.
Introducción: El incremento en la inclusión de personas de edad avanzada a los programas de hemodiálisis se relaciona con un aumento de la prevalencia de fragilidad, considerada predictora de discapacidad y asociada a eventos adversos de salud. Dado su carácter reversible, es importante hacer un cribaje para mejorar la práctica clínica. Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de fragilidad y estado funcional del paciente en nuestra unidad de hemodiálisis y analizar las diferencias entre diabéticos y no diabéticos. Material y Método: Estudio observacional de corte transversal. La fragilidad se midió utilizando el fenotipo de Fried y la valoración funcional mediante las escalas Barthel, Lawton, Downton y la Short Physical Performance Battery. Se evaluó comorbilidad y riesgo de caídas con las escalas Charlson y Downton respectivamente. Se comparó entre grupos de diabéticos y no diabéticos y se analizó la relación entre la fragilidad y la edad, dependencia, comorbilidad y riesgo de caídas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 128 pacientes. El 45% tenían Diabetes. Los pacientes con diabetes tenían una edad media mayor que los no diabéticos (74,2±11 vs 67,8±15 años) y mayor comorbilidad (Charlson 8,2±2,2 vs 5,8±2,4). El 25% de los pacientes presentaron fragilidad, observando una tendencia que sugirió mayor fragilidad, peor capacidad funcional y mayor grado de dependencia en los pacientes diabéticos, aunque de forma no significativa. Conclusiones: Una cuarta parte de la población estudiada presenta fragilidad, con una tendencia más acusada a padecerla los pacientes diabéticos, que podría estar relacionada con mayor edad, mayor comorbilidad y menor capacidad funcional que los no diabéticos.
Background and Aims In the field of nephrology, environmental awareness is booming and we claim that it is responsible for our impact. Hemodialysis treatment generates an excessive burden owing to the high consumption of water and energy, as well as the production of a large amount of waste. On the part of the European Kidney Health Alliance (EKHA), several proactive suggestions have been proposed worldwide. To this regard, we implemented different improvements in our dialysis unit, including the reverse osmosis (RO) treatment plant automation upgrade. However, to change the paradigm, it was still necessary to first know the reality from which we start to identify opportunities for improvement. The objective of our study was to determine the environmental impact of care activities in our hemodialysis center over the last 5 years. Method A retrospective analysis of key environmental indicators derived from hemodialysis treatments, from January 2018 to December 2022 was performed. Energy consumption (kWh/dialysis), water expenditure (L/dialysis), technical operator (TO) required time as well as the generation of sanitary waste (SW, Kg/dialysis) derived from the activity were monitored according to their classification: GI (unspecific non-hazardous waste), GII (patient care non-hazardous waste such as disposable items, used empty bloodlines and hemodialyzers) and GIII (sharp material, needles or anatomical waste). All of these data were compared with the treatment sessions carried out during the analyzed period, and the costs of the environmental impact were calculated. Results Table 1 summarizes the average generated waste, energy and water expenditure as well as TO required working time at the beginning and at the end of the study period. Additionally, an estimated Co2 footprint of each activity is calculated. The increase in SW was associated with a change in format of presentation of certain materials by the producer, which allowed the reduction of the hazardous GIII amount of waste as was reassigned to non-hazardous GI or GII group. Regarding the upgrade in the RO plant, a slight increase in energy consumption due to the implementation of improved sensors allowed a substantial reduction of water required (with a high 75% efficiency) and a prominent reduction of TO time needed and traveled distance, which severely reduced the environmental impact. In addition, the remotely monitored RO reduced TO costs by 7101 €/year and material resources by 2892 €/year. Conclusion The first step in achieving ‘green’ dialysis should be to measure key indicators that determine the environmental impact of our activity, establishing our standards to easily analyze the possible deviation factors. Technological improvements and the remotely monitoring in our water treatment plant have made water consumption more efficient and overall reduced the environmental impact. To address the viability of hemodialysis, we need to raise awareness among professionals to minimize the carbon footprint derived from our care activities, designing action plans to reduce the environmental impact such as: 1. Use of moderated dialyzate flows (<600 mL/min). 2. Post-treatment bloodline and hemodialyzer drainage to reduce waste weight. 3. Initiate both awareness campaigns and specific training on the correct management of waste, and assess the costs of waste management before the acquisition of new materials. 4. Potentiate home based treatments whenever possible.
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