1 klinika endokrynologii, Diabetologii i leczenia izotopami katedry i kliniki endokrynologii, Diabetologii i leczenia izotopami Uniwersytetu Medycznego we Wrocławiu 2 studenci Wydziału lekarskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego we Wrocławiu A -przygotowanie projektu badania, B -zbieranie danych, C -analiza statystyczna, D -interpretacja danych, E -przygotowanie maszynopisu, F -opracowanie piśmiennictwa, G -pozyskanie funduszy W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono zagadnienia dotyczące negatywnego i pozytywnego wpływu promieniowania jonizującego na organizm człowieka. Promieniowanie jonizujące we współczesnej medycynie wykorzystywane jest w leczeniu, diagnostyce i radiologii zabiegowej i z tego powodu stanowi ważny aspekt w praktyce klinicznej zarówno dla lekarza, jak i pacjenta. W związku z interdyscyplinarną i powszechną naturą zjawiska ważne wydaje się poznanie skutków promieniowania jonizującego. obowiązujące zasady i ograniczenia dotyczące stosowania promieniowania jonizującego w medycynie umożliwiają zoptymalizowanie dawki pochłanianej przez organizm i tym samym ograniczają nadmierną ekspozycję na promieniowanie, z jednoczesnym ograniczeniem negatywnych skutków. Wśród koncepcji dotyczących wpływu promieniowania jonizującego na organizm ludzki wyróżnia się powszechnie akceptowaną teorię liniową: progową i bezprogową, a także zupełnie jej przeciwstawną hormezę radiacyjną. Pomimo faktu, iż obowiązujące standardy ochrony radiologicznej oparte są na teorii liniowej, to hormeza radiacyjna wzbudza coraz większe zainteresowanie i podejmowane są liczne próby dowiedzenia jej prawdziwości. kolejne badania naukowe poszerzające wiedzę na temat hormezy radiacyjnej mogą zmienić oblicze przyszłości. Być może badania te otworzą nowe możliwości zastosowania promieniowania jonizującego, jak i umożliwią obliczenie optymalnej i spersonalizowanej dawki dla pacjenta, pozwalając nam na wyznaczenie nowego "złotego środka" dla promieniowania jonizującego. W związku z tym uważamy, że przed zastosowaniem tych metod jest duża przyszłość, niemniej powinno się mieć na uwadze głównie dobro pacjenta. Słowa kluczowe: promieniowanie jonizujące, radiologia zabiegowa, hormeza radiacyjna. this article describes positive and negative aspects of ionizing radiation and its effects on human body. Being a part of various medical procedures in medicine, ionising radiation has become an important aspect for both medical practitioners and patients. Commonly used in treatment, diagnostics and interventional radiology, its medical usage follows numerous rules, designed to reduce excessive exposure to ionizing radiation. its widespread use makes it extremely important to research and confirm effects of various doses of radiation on patients of all ages. two scientific theories, explaining radiation effects on human organism, stand in contrast: commonly accepted lNt-hypothesis and yet to be proven hormesis theory. Despite the fact that the current radiation protection standards are based on the linear theory (lNt-hypothesis), the hormesis theory arouses more and more ...
Summary Papillary thyroid gland carcinoma is the most common type of malignancy of the endocrine system. Metastases to the pituitary gland have been described as a complication of papillary thyroid cancer in few reported cases since 1965. We report the case of a 68-year-old female patient with a well-differentiated form of thyroid gland cancer. Despite it being the most common malignant cancer of the endocrine system, with its papillary form being one of the two most frequently diagnosed thyroid cancers, the case we present is extremely rare. Sudden cardiac arrest during ventricular fibrillation occurred during hospitalization. Autopsy of the patient revealed papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, follicular variant, with metastasis to the sella turcica, and concomitant sarcoidosis of heart, lung, and mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. Not only does atypical metastasis make our patient’s case most remarkable, but also the postmortem diagnosis of sarcoidosis makes her case particularly unusual. Learning points: The goal of presenting this case is to raise awareness of the clinical heterogeneity of papillary cancer and promote early diagnosis of unexpected metastasis and coexisting diseases to improve clinical outcomes. Clinicians must be skeptical. They should not fall into the trap of diagnostic momentum or accept diagnostic labels at face value. Regardless of the potential mechanisms, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of the coexistence of thyroid cancer and sarcoidosis as a differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy. This case highlights the importance of the diagnostic and therapeutic planning process and raises awareness of the fact that one uncommon disease could be masked by another extremely rare disorder.
The pathogenesis of the disorders of calcium metabolism is not fully understood. This review discusses the studies in which metabolomics was applied in this area. Indeed, metabolomics could play an essential role in discovering biomarkers and elucidating pathological mechanisms. Despite the limited bibliography, the present review highlights the potential of metabolomics in identifying the biomarkers of some of the most common endocrine disorders, such as primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), calcium deficiency, osteoporosis and vitamin D supplementation. Metabolites related to above-mentioned diseorders were grouped into specific classes and mapped into metabolic pathways. Furthermore, disturbed metabolic pathways can open up new directions for the in-depth exploration of the basic mechanisms of these diseases at the molecular level.
Parathyroid tumors are a genetically heterogenous group with a significant variability in clinical features. Due to a lack of specific signs and symptoms and uncertain histopathological criteria, parathyroid carcinomas (PCs) are challenging to diagnose, both before and after surgery. There is a great interest in searching for accurate molecular biomarkers for early detection, disease monitoring, and clinical management. Due to improvements in molecular pathology, the latest studies have reported that PC tumorigenesis is strongly linked to the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. MicroRNA (miRNA) profiling may serve as a helpful adjunct in distinguishing parathyroid adenoma (PAd) from PC and provide further insight into regulatory pathways involved in PTH release and parathyroid tumorigenesis. So far, only a few studies have attempted to show the miRNA signature for PC, and very few overlaps could be found between these relatively similar studies. A global miRNA downregulation was detected in PC compared with normal glands among differentially expressed miRNAs. This review summarizes changes in miRNA expression in PC and discusses the future research directions in this area.
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