A growing literature on the impact of assuult has given little considerution to the factors contributing to variations in victim reuction. This paper reviews the preassault and postassault variables that are associated with the recovery process. Among key factors ure the psychosocial resources of the victim at entry to the crisis and the violence qf the assault itsev; however, variables often contribute differentially at different points in the recovery process. Subsequenr discussion focuses on the methodological, theoretical, and policy implications of these findings.

This paper examines the possibility that the extension of traditional family household boundaries foreshadows an expanded caregiving system as family lines grow longer. An original study of 25 four-generation families, mapping all linear and lateral members, offers findings that confirm evidence found in a literature review. One primary caregiver, either a spouse or daughter, generally shoulders responsibility for members in adversity. A caregiving system encompassing more than two generations in direct descent was not discernible. Problems in caring for the oldest old are noted.

The literature examining the role of social network size and support in moderating the relationship between stress and illness in the aged population has not taken racial differences into account. This study compares the potential moderating influence of social network size and support on the relationship between life stress and depressive symptoms for black and white community-dwelling elderly people at increased risk for institutionalization. Study data come from in-person interviews with a sample of 191 old-old (75 years and older) and poor residents of a three-census-tract area in Pittsburgh. Approximately 50 percent were white and 50 percent were black. Results indicate that the moderating effects of social network size and support were different for the black people than for the white people in this sample. For white aged people, having greater social support and a larger social network reduces the association between stress and depressive symptoms, as expected. For black elderly people, however, having more network members and receiving support from them is associated with a stronger relationship between stress and depressive symptomatology.

The vital roles that women play in keeping households afloat in economic crises have been largely ignored. This study of 152 women in a region that experienced catastrophic unemployment found that women are the pillars of family support. Beyond maintaining their households and supplementing their families' income whenever pos sible, the women helped to mend their demoralized families and find necessary resources for comfort and aid. When unemployment strikes families, it affects all family members. The strength of the women in this study in dealing with the needs of their husbands and children had demonstrable effects.

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