Law can shape individual and social behavior in different ways including through perceived control and legitimacy of authorities. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether legitimacy of authorities, social and personal control, and social cohesion influence antisocial behaviors in juvenile offenders. The study, included a sample of two hundred juvenile offenders in Mexico, used structural equation modeling to test the relationship between the perception of just treatment by police and judges (i.e., legitimacy) and social and personal control and outcomes of antisocial behaviors and tendencies (self-report and probability of antisocial behavior as well as reports of peer antisocial behavior). Results indicate legitimacy of authorities and personal control had a negative effect while social control showed a positive effect on these behaviors. Social cohesion had a positive effect on social control. Our results suggest that legitimacy of authorities and personal control act as protective factors against antisocial behaviors whereas, contrary to the expected results, social control may be a risk factor. This research highlights the importance of preventative protective efforts in juvenile offenders such as just treatment and development of personal control rather than the use of punitive processes. In this sense, it is important to consider alternatives for judicial involvement and punishment such as community programs as well as cognitive and emotional prevention and intervention efforts to reduce antisocial behaviors. Programs such as the Reasoning and Rehabilitation Program, other cognitive skill interventions as well as developmental prevention programs have shown efficacy.
En México, los albergues infantiles son requeridos para garantizar niveles mínimos de bienestar (Gobierno de México, 2002) a niños víctimas de violencia y abandono. En estos albergues, la presencia del educador que cuida de ellos es de suma importancia y ha de ser capacitado y supervisado (Gobierno de Brasil, 2007). A este respecto, la educación social sustenta en su teoría el perfil de un educador capaz de atender de manera directa a los grupos vulnerables, incluidos niños y adolescentes (AIEJI, 2007). De aquí se desprende que el objetivo del presente estudio sea el análisis de las competencias, características personales y ambiente institucional de los educadores que laboran en albergues de Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Los participantes fueron 117 educadores de 10 instituciones de asistencia social, dedicadas al albergue de menores maltratados o en situación de riesgo. El instrumento fue una escala de evaluación basada en los indicadores del Libro Blanco (ANECA, 2005). Los participantes fueron entrevistados en los albergues donde se encontraban trabajando. Se computaron estadísticas univariadas alfas de Cronbach y coeficientes de correlación para el análisis de datos. Las correlaciones significativas fueron encontradas entre lenguaje, razonamiento y funciones educativas de los educadores (.26) y con compromiso con la propia identidad (26); la satisfacción de necesidades se relacionó con compromiso con la propia identidad (.22) con lenguaje y razonamiento (.39); y último grado de estudios con habilidades interpersonales (26). La edad se correlacionó con la antigüedad (.48), el último grado de estudios (-.19), satisfacción de necesidades (.25) y lenguaje y razonamiento (.19). Estos resultados muestran la importancia del ambiente institucional en el desarrollo de las funciones educativas y el compromiso con la institución de los educadores
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