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Using X‐ray, infrared, and electron paramagnetic resonance methods, the reactivity of ZnO+xMn2O3 systems during heat treatment was studied. Results showed that the solubility of manganese (Mn) in zinc oxide (ZnO) is lower than 3% and that reaction diffusion occurs. Reaction processes that take place in this system promote disintegration of Mn2O3 particles into microfragments and causes them to move along the surface of the ZnO particles (solid‐state reactive wetting process).

The methods of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray microanalysis, electron microscopy, BET and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were used for investigation of the structural-phase transformations in bentonite under the influence of hydrochloric acid and temperature treatment (100-800ºC). It is established that in HCl medium during temperature treatment, dehydration and dehydroxilation of montmorillonite occur. The presence of gypsum and barium chloride results in an intercalation of interlayer space of montmorillonite by Ca and Ba ions Temperature treatment of intercalated montmorillonite leads to the formation of pores

Effect of rapid thermal annealing on electrical and optical properties of Ga doped ZnO thin films prepared at room temperature