Umpasa and umpama are two kinds of literary works that belong to the people of Batak Toba that reflect briliant thoughts, collective conciousnes and life philosofie of the traditional of Toba Batak that lead the way of thinking and the way of life of the people. They are parts of the identity of the people. As the identity of the people it is important to learn it to enable peole to establish reconciliation with the digital revolutionary world.The objective of the research is to answer the question wether the traditional concept of a leader should be obseleted or not by analysing and finding the hidden meaning of umpasa and umpama which deal with the concept of Batak Toba of a leader.The research had to pay attention to the social cultural aspects of the people of Batak Toba byusing qualitative descriptive method.Th finding shows that the meaning within umpasa and umpama deal with the concept of a leader still relevant with the modern theories in digital era.

This  study  discusses  a  comparative  literary  study  of  two  literary  works  with different  nations  and  languages,  but  with  similar  motif,  which  is  Moral Values. This study uses  the  concept  of  Moral  Values  which  provides the  concept  of  values  that  have  a  Commitment  to  something  greater  than oneself, Self-respect  but  with  humility,  self-discipline,  and  acceptance  of personal responsibility, Respect and caring for others, Caring for other living things and the environment. This study employed a qualitative descriptive method, that  uses  the  data  sources the  two  novels  The  Spy  by  Paulo  Coelho  and Cantik itu Luka by Eka Kurniawan and the data is obtained from novel quotes of  the  data  in  the  form  of  words  and  sentences. Then, the results The novel The Spy fulfills these four moral values. Meanwhile, the  novel  Cantik  itu  Luka  only  fulfills  three  of  the  four  moral  values.

This research of comparative literature compares two pieces of literature with a similar theme—Self-Actualization—from two distinct countries. By utilizing Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory, this study aimed to understand how the main characters are going about obtaining Self-Actualization. Maria and Blanca, the two main protagonists in the two literary works, are both undergoing the Self-Actualization process. Using the descriptive qualitative method, the author completes the analysis by presenting all of the data in the form of words and sentences. The writer collects data from various sources including Eleven Minutes by Paulo Coelho, This Too Shall Pass by Milena Busquets, and relevant books, articles, and journals to support the analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, the two literary works show similarities and differences relating to the Self-Actualization that is experienced by the two main characters of both literary works. Both main characters fulfilled four lower-level needs in the Hierarchy of Needs which are: Physiological needs, safety needs, love, and belonging needs, and esteem needs before finally achieving Self-Actualization.