Two studies explored the relationships between individual psychological health (PH) status and perceptions of family interaction and family climate variables as perceived by young adults. Psychological health was defined within inter‐ and intrapersonal domains, represented by social interest and psychological hardiness. Scores on social interest and hardiness instruments were standardized and added to put the construct of psychological health into practice. Family interaction variables were measured with Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales‐III (FACES‐III), the Children's Report of Parent Behavior Inventory‐30 (CRPBI‐30), Parent‐Adolescent Communication Scale (PAC), Family Satisfaction Scale (FSS), and the Family Environment Scale (FES). Multivariate analyses indicated that PH status was associated with several family variables, with cohesion emerging as a key dimension. Implications for counseling are discussed.

Supervisory methods that allow for direct observation of supervisee performance have been noted to contribute to supervisee satisfaction with supervision, and contribute to supervisors' ability to perform their supervisory responsibilities thoroughly and ethically. However, there is little data available on how frequently observational methods are employed in clinical supervisory practice. In this study, surveys completed by 150 professional psychology supervisees at all levels of training (from beginning practicum through postdoctoral training) and from all regions of the country provided data on supervisory practices during a twoweek snapshot period as well as from their longer supervisory relationships. Results demonstrated that methods permitting direct observation of supervisee work were used very infrequently, that the most frequent methods involved supervisee-initiated case presentations, that supervisees believed that their supervisors were very knowledgeable about supervisees' clinical functioning, and that there was little variability associated with supervisee experience or level of training. Results are discussed in terms of how these supervisory practices limit supervisors' ability to fulfill key elements of their professional responsibilities and may increase their ethical vulnerability.

Amerikaner, Schauble, and Ziller provide a method for using client-created photographs in counseling individuals. They explore several approaches to using the data generated through photographic self-description. Two contrasting sets of photographs present illustrations, and the article concludes with suggestions for additional developments and research with the method. MARTIN AMERIKANER PAUL SCHAUBLE ROBERT ZILLER 68The PERSONNEL AND GUIDANCE JOURNAL TOC Electronic Journal: To print this article select pages 3-8.

This study explored the relationship of family systems theory to understanding the problems associated with learning disabilities in school children. Hypotheses were developed relating family interaction to classification of children as learning disabled (LD), emotionally disturbed (ED) and normal (N). The parents of 90 children (n = 30 LD, 30 ED, 30 N) completed The Family Adaptability and Cohesion EvaluationScales (FACES). Results provided partial support for the hypotheses, and were discussed in terms of: (I) implications for assessing and intervening in problems identified as learning disabilities, and (2) methods for practitioners to assist this population.