Ceftaroline fosamil demonstrated high clinical cure and microbiological response rates in hospitalized patients with CAP of PORT risk class III or IV. Ceftaroline fosamil was well tolerated, with a safety profile similar to that of ceftriaxone and consistent with the cephalosporin class. In this study, ceftaroline fosamil was an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for CAP.

A fully portable CE device equipped with a capacitively coupled contactless-conductivity detector and a cross-injection device is put to the test in laboratory conditions. The portable device is capable of working on batteries for at least 4 h. After that, its performance is strongly affected by the drop in the high-voltage output and analysis may be interrupted if its length exceeds a reasonable time. The concentration of the BGE affects both ionic strength and conductivity. Choosing an optimal concentration of BGE is therefore about finding a good compromise between selectivity and sensitivity. All experiments were performed using a mixture of histidine and MES with a concentration of 15 mM as BGE. The performance of the cross-injection device is optimized by the use of internal standards. Satisfactory reproducibility is gained as the RSD of peak areas is reduced to 8% or less. LODs for different phosphonic acids are in the range of 2.5-9.7 microM. For the analysis of adsorption of phosphonic acids in sand and loamy soil samples, calibration curves are constructed. Linearity in a measured concentration range of 10-100 microM is excellent, as the squares of correlation constants are approximately 1. The concentration analysis of phosphonic acids in soil extracts demonstrates that their adsorption curves in sand and loamy soil follow different adsorption isotherms.

A new sample introduction/analysis approach was developed by combining a digital microfluidic (DMF) device with a portable capillary electrophoresis (CE) analyzer based on short separation capillary and contactless conductivity detection. The DMF sample injection was performed by transporting sample and buffer droplets in succession under the CE capillary inlet end allowing the capillary to be immersed into the sample/buffer droplet, and CE separation was performed by applying a high voltage between the (grounded) buffer droplet and CE outlet reservoir. Electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) phenomenon was used for droplets actuation. With the use of the DMF sampler, CE separation of a mixture of vitamins was achieved. A droplet evaporation process with simultaneous concentration of sample in the droplet was monitored. It was found that the concentration process closely followed the theoretically predicted function.

The axial C4D (Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection) measurement electronics for capillary electrophoresis is considered and a new improved C5D compensated detection concept is proposed and tested. Using the idle compensation channel with inversed signal and immediate analogue summation of the active and idle channel currents yields effective suppression of the influence of the parasitic stray capacitance. Preliminary experiments have confirmed at least threefold improvements of measurement resolution. Realisation of electronics allows flexible tuning of frequency from 0.2 MHz to 2 MHz. The relatively high voltage supply of 15 V for the AC measurement units together with 24bit accurate analogue-to-digital converter yields additional improvement for the sensitivity.

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